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      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "national_average"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "kg/ha → t/ha; FAOSTAT QCL Yield, producing-country average, most recent year on record",
      "crop_id": "tomatoes",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "faostat_qcl_normalized.zip",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "producing_country",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 31.0,
      "observation_id": "px-067285b9a33419cb",
      "original_unit": "kg/ha",
      "original_value": 31000.0,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "FAO FAOSTAT",
      "raw_repr": {
        "area_code": 181,
        "element_code": "5412",
        "flag": "A",
        "item_code": "388"
      },
      "raw_sha256": "c5835418c18f9322e7decbd6800f93a216eaae3cdfa31acb08f0518c0c6d6853",
      "reference_date": "2024",
      "region": "Zimbabwe",
      "region_country_detail": "Zimbabwe, national average, FAOSTAT QCL 2024",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Tomatoes",
      "source_id": "faostat_qcl_yield",
      "source_stated_context": "FAOSTAT QCL methodology: all yields per hectare are computed from detailed area and production data expressed in hectares and tonnes. Flag A=Official figure; E=Estimated value; I=Value imputed by a receiving agency. The QCL notes do not classify input intensity (commercial vs smallholder) or production system (open-field vs irrigated).",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_title": "FAOSTAT Production: Crops and livestock products (QCL) Yield",
      "source_url": "https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "national_average"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "kg/ha → t/ha; FAOSTAT QCL Yield, producing-country average, most recent year on record",
      "crop_id": "watermelon",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "faostat_qcl_normalized.zip",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "producing_country",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 45.0,
      "observation_id": "px-d5bc4f2570041324",
      "original_unit": "kg/ha",
      "original_value": 45000.0,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "FAO FAOSTAT",
      "raw_repr": {
        "area_code": 181,
        "element_code": "5412",
        "flag": "A",
        "item_code": "567"
      },
      "raw_sha256": "c5835418c18f9322e7decbd6800f93a216eaae3cdfa31acb08f0518c0c6d6853",
      "reference_date": "2024",
      "region": "Zimbabwe",
      "region_country_detail": "Zimbabwe, national average, FAOSTAT QCL 2024",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Watermelons",
      "source_id": "faostat_qcl_yield",
      "source_stated_context": "FAOSTAT QCL methodology: all yields per hectare are computed from detailed area and production data expressed in hectares and tonnes. Flag A=Official figure; E=Estimated value; I=Value imputed by a receiving agency. The QCL notes do not classify input intensity (commercial vs smallholder) or production system (open-field vs irrigated).",
      "source_tier": "B",
      "source_title": "FAOSTAT Production: Crops and livestock products (QCL) Yield",
      "source_url": "https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "national_average"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "lb/ac → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "beet-table",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 26.900406,
      "observation_id": "px-6dcde3af2fac881b",
      "original_unit": "pounds per acre",
      "original_value": 24000,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "University of Vermont Extension (Vern Grubinger)",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "New England (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "New England (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Beets, red bunched",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Vegetable and Berry Crop Yield Estimates for New England",
      "source_url": "https://www.uvm.edu/vtvegandberry/factsheets/vegetableberryyields.pdf",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "lb/ac → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "cauliflower",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 15.691903,
      "observation_id": "px-7a053619c5f4906a",
      "original_unit": "pounds per acre",
      "original_value": 14000,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "University of Vermont Extension (Vern Grubinger)",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "New England (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "New England (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Cauliflower",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Vegetable and Berry Crop Yield Estimates for New England",
      "source_url": "https://www.uvm.edu/vtvegandberry/factsheets/vegetableberryyields.pdf",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "lb/ac → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "garlic",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 4.483401,
      "observation_id": "px-74f6007c15f91c00",
      "original_unit": "pounds per acre",
      "original_value": 4000,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "University of Vermont Extension (Vern Grubinger)",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "New England (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "New England (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Garlic",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Vegetable and Berry Crop Yield Estimates for New England",
      "source_url": "https://www.uvm.edu/vtvegandberry/factsheets/vegetableberryyields.pdf",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "lb/ac → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "winter-squash",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 33.625507,
      "observation_id": "px-36c3ab93c00542e0",
      "original_unit": "pounds per acre",
      "original_value": 30000,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "University of Vermont Extension (Vern Grubinger)",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "New England (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "New England (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Squash, winter",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Vegetable and Berry Crop Yield Estimates for New England",
      "source_url": "https://www.uvm.edu/vtvegandberry/factsheets/vegetableberryyields.pdf",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "lb/ac → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "blackberry",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 7.845952,
      "observation_id": "px-6f9474b849e08c81",
      "original_unit": "pounds per acre",
      "original_value": 7000,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "Oklahoma State University Extension",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "United States (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "United States (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Blackberry",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Commercial Blackberry Production",
      "source_url": "https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/commercial-blackberry-production.html",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "already t/ha",
      "crop_id": "macadamia",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 3.75,
      "observation_id": "px-8ab246a8c8098520",
      "original_unit": "tonnes per hectare",
      "original_value": 3.75,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "Queensland Department of Primary Industries",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "Queensland, Australia (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "Queensland, Australia (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Macadamia (nut-in-shell)",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Macadamia Grower's Handbook",
      "source_url": "http://era.dpi.qld.gov.au/id/eprint/1964/3/mac-growing_guide_Part3.pdf",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "temperate continental (Prairie)",
      "conversion_basis": "not-area-based",
      "conversion_detail": "reported in its own natural unit; not a per-hectare figure by design (see LITERATURE_YIELDS)",
      "crop_id": "honey",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "CA",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "kilograms per hive",
      "normalized_value": 51.71,
      "observation_id": "px-b07293a45a7712a6",
      "original_unit": "kilograms per hive",
      "original_value": 51.71,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "Statistics Canada / Alberta beekeeping industry, as reported by CBC News",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "Alberta",
      "region_country_detail": "Alberta, Statistics Canada / Alberta beekeeping industry reporting",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Honey",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Alberta honey yield reporting (beekeeping industry statistics)",
      "source_url": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/peace-region-honey-yields-9.7167452",
      "transferability_to_target": "direct",
      "yield_representativeness": "regional_average"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "not-area-based",
      "conversion_detail": "reported in its own natural unit; not a per-hectare figure by design (see LITERATURE_YIELDS)",
      "crop_id": "maple-syrup",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "US gallons per tap",
      "normalized_value": 0.357,
      "observation_id": "px-567af079d6a05517",
      "original_unit": "US gallons per tap",
      "original_value": 0.357,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "USDA NASS / University of Vermont Extension / PPAQ",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "United States / Quebec (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "United States / Quebec (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Maple syrup",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Maple syrup yield per tap (USDA NASS; Quebec Maple Syrup Producers)",
      "source_url": "https://www.uvm.edu/d10-files/documents/2024-12/maple-nass-2024.pdf",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "not-area-based",
      "conversion_detail": "reported in its own natural unit; not a per-hectare figure by design (see LITERATURE_YIELDS)",
      "crop_id": "mushroom-cultivated",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "kilograms per square metre per crop cycle",
      "normalized_value": 28.9,
      "observation_id": "px-e68d5a11a6caf0b4",
      "original_unit": "kilograms per square metre per crop cycle",
      "original_value": 28.9,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "Penn State Extension",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "United States (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "United States (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, button)",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Mushrooms: Production and Harvesting",
      "source_url": "https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "lb/ac → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "medicinal-herbs-fenugreek",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "CA",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 1.457105,
      "observation_id": "px-e3c5a28eafc0db14",
      "original_unit": "pounds per acre",
      "original_value": 1300,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture; IHARF; SaskPulse",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "Saskatchewan",
      "region_country_detail": "Saskatchewan, curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Fenugreek (seed)",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Specialty crops: Fenugreek",
      "source_url": "https://www.saskatchewan.ca/business/agriculture-natural-resources-and-industry/agribusiness-farmers-and-ranchers/crops",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "kg/ha → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "medicinal-herbs-lavender",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 0.7,
      "observation_id": "px-6ff0f203bd96b331",
      "original_unit": "kilograms per hectare",
      "original_value": 700,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "Richters Herbs",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "mixed (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "mixed (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Lavender (dried flowering tops)",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Lavender growing information",
      "source_url": "https://www.richters.com/",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "lb/ac → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "ginseng",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 1.285615,
      "observation_id": "px-f06fb2c9b1a7dd0c",
      "original_unit": "pounds per acre",
      "original_value": 1147,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "USDA Census of Agriculture / Ontario ginseng industry",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "Wisconsin / Ontario (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "Wisconsin / Ontario (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Ginseng (dry root)",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "1992 Census of Agriculture (Wisconsin); Ontario ginseng industry reporting",
      "source_url": "https://www.nass.usda.gov/",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "kg/ha → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "st-john-s-wort",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 2.5,
      "observation_id": "px-4549cd6fcc30ef71",
      "original_unit": "kilograms per hectare",
      "original_value": 2500,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "Richters Herbs; Ukrainian field trial reporting",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "Europe (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "Europe (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "St. John's Wort (dry herb)",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "St. John's Wort growing information",
      "source_url": "https://www.richters.com/",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "kg/ha → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "coneflower",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 6.0,
      "observation_id": "px-6f6a3a7d862c1c30",
      "original_unit": "kilograms per hectare",
      "original_value": 6000,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "Richters Herbs; NC State Extension",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "mixed (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "mixed (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Echinacea / coneflower (dry herb, years 2-4)",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Echinacea growing information",
      "source_url": "https://www.richters.com/",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    },
    {
      "climate_zone": "unspecified",
      "conversion_basis": "mass-area",
      "conversion_detail": "kg/ha → t/ha",
      "crop_id": "stevia",
      "data_type": "observed_average_yield",
      "doc_file": "literature_yield_citations (embedded in yield_obs.py)",
      "geographic_scope": "non_US",
      "geography_note": "literature_reference",
      "input_intensity": "unspecified",
      "normalized_unit": "tonnes/hectare",
      "normalized_value": 2.9,
      "observation_id": "px-c4cdbd0359871fb5",
      "original_unit": "kilograms per hectare",
      "original_value": 2900,
      "production_system": "unspecified",
      "publisher": "Mahajan et al. 2021; Shock, HortScience 2016",
      "raw_repr": {},
      "raw_sha256": "7701be34fd6acdc89be68f7636e512b62c0e383aa0dd4e39e5626c1e59b4b690",
      "reference_date": "reference",
      "region": "mild-temperate / western US (reference)",
      "region_country_detail": "mild-temperate / western US (reference), curated literature reference",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-09-19T21:08:24.078895+00:00",
      "source_commodity": "Stevia (dry leaf)",
      "source_id": "literature_yield_reference",
      "source_stated_context": "Curated literature reference, not an official statistical series. Same non-US caution as FAOSTAT: flagged requires_controlled_environment as a review flag on every entry regardless of whether the source crop is tropical or temperate, consistent with the FAOSTAT default above -- it means 'not independently verified for Alberta', not literally 'needs a greenhouse'. See source_stated_context on the individual observation for the specific researched range and citation.",
      "source_tier": "C",
      "source_title": "Stevia yield under mild-temperate and western US conditions",
      "source_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/",
      "transferability_to_target": "requires_controlled_environment",
      "yield_representativeness": "reference_estimate"
    }
  ]
}