[ { "factor_id": "lentils-rhizobium-nodulation", "crop_id": "lentils", "factor": "Rhizobium leguminosarum nodulation and nitrogen fixation", "factor_category": "Biological inputs", "direction": "positive", "effect_type": "yield_gain", "effect_size": 18.0, "effect_unit": "%", "ci_lower": 12.5, "ci_upper": 24.0, "conditions": "Dual liquid/granular rhizobial inoculation on Brown and Dark Brown Chernozems.", "study_count": 28, "evidence_type": "field_trial", "evidence_strength": "High", "prairie_relevance": "high", "source_title": "Biological nitrogen fixation and yield response of lentil to Rhizobium leguminosarum across the northern Great Plains", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps2006-031", "notes": "Supplies up to 70-80 kg N/ha of biologically fixed nitrogen, leaving positive residual soil N for subsequent wheat crops.", "potential_yield_effect": 18.0 }, { "factor_id": "lentils-biostimulant-biochar-humic", "crop_id": "lentils", "factor": "Biostimulants: Humic substances & biochar soil conditioning", "factor_category": "Biostimulants", "direction": "positive", "effect_type": "yield_gain", "effect_size": 11.5, "effect_unit": "%", "ci_lower": 6.5, "ci_upper": 16.5, "conditions": "Application of humic acids (3-5 kg/ha) or pyrolyzed biochar under moisture-limited semi-arid Prairie conditions.", "study_count": 15, "evidence_type": "field_trial", "evidence_strength": "Moderate", "prairie_relevance": "moderate", "source_title": "Biochar and humic acid amendments enhance lentil nodulation, water retention and yield under semi-arid conditions", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105189", "notes": "Improves rhizosphere water-holding capacity and cation exchange capacity in coarse sandy loams.", "potential_yield_effect": 11.5 }, { "factor_id": "lentils-ascochyta-anthracnose", "crop_id": "lentils", "factor": "Ascochyta blight & Anthracnose foliar fungicide timing", "factor_category": "Disease management", "direction": "positive", "effect_type": "yield_gain", "effect_size": 22.5, "effect_unit": "%", "ci_lower": 15.0, "ci_upper": 30.0, "conditions": "Application of strobilurin/SDHI fungicides at 10-15 node stage prior to canopy closure under wet humid weather.", "study_count": 30, "evidence_type": "field_trial", "evidence_strength": "High", "prairie_relevance": "high", "source_title": "Management of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lentis) and ascochyta blight in lentil with foliar fungicides", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/07060660709507456", "notes": "Prevents stem girdling, premature defoliation, and seed staining.", "potential_yield_effect": 22.5 }, { "factor_id": "lentils-land-rolling", "crop_id": "lentils", "factor": "Post-seeding land rolling for harvest efficiency", "factor_category": "Crop establishment", "direction": "positive", "effect_type": "yield_gain", "effect_size": 9.5, "effect_unit": "%", "ci_lower": 5.0, "ci_upper": 14.0, "conditions": "Land rolling after seeding (up to 2-3 leaf stage on warm afternoon) to level soil and push down rocks.", "study_count": 16, "evidence_type": "field_trial", "evidence_strength": "High", "prairie_relevance": "high", "source_title": "Effect of land rolling timing and soil leveling on lentil harvestability and grain recovery", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps98-011", "notes": "Allows combine cutter bar to operate flush with soil surface, reducing harvest pod losses by 100-200 kg/ha.", "potential_yield_effect": 9.5 }, { "factor_id": "lentils-waterlogging-hypoxia", "crop_id": "lentils", "factor": "Soil waterlogging and root hypoxia stress", "factor_category": "Stress", "direction": "negative", "effect_type": "yield_loss", "effect_size": -42.0, "effect_unit": "%", "ci_lower": -58.0, "ci_upper": -26.0, "conditions": "Saturated soil moisture (>48 hours standing water) during vegetative and early flowering stages.", "study_count": 18, "evidence_type": "review", "evidence_strength": "High", "prairie_relevance": "high", "source_title": "Responses of pulse crops to soil waterlogging: Hypoxia tolerance mechanisms and lentil vulnerability", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105872", "notes": "Lentils are the most flood-sensitive pulse crop; hypoxia causes rapid root death, nitrogenase shutdown, and vascular wilting.", "potential_yield_effect": -42.0 }, { "factor_id": "lentils-drought-genetics-qtl", "crop_id": "lentils", "factor": "Drought tolerance genetics & early flowering cultivars", "factor_category": "Genetics / cultivar", "direction": "positive", "effect_type": "yield_gain", "effect_size": 15.8, "effect_unit": "%", "ci_lower": 10.0, "ci_upper": 21.5, "conditions": "Selecting short-season, indeterminate red/green lentil cultivars with high transpiration efficiency under semi-arid conditions.", "study_count": 21, "evidence_type": "field_trial", "evidence_strength": "High", "prairie_relevance": "high", "source_title": "Genetic variability and drought adaptation mechanisms in Canadian lentil breeding lines", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20456", "notes": "Early flowering trait enables pod set prior to severe mid-summer moisture depletion.", "potential_yield_effect": 15.8 }, { "factor_id": "lentils-organic-large-green-red-premium", "crop_id": "lentils", "factor": "Certification & Profitability: Certified Organic red & large green lentil price premium", "factor_category": "Economics & Certification", "direction": "positive", "effect_type": "price_premium", "effect_size": 110.0, "effect_unit": "% premium", "ci_lower": 80.0, "ci_upper": 140.0, "conditions": "Certified organic large green lentils (Laird/Greenvalley) command $0.75–$1.10/lb ($45.00–$66.00/bu) and red lentils $0.55–$0.80/lb ($33.00–$48.00/bu) compared to conventional baseline of $0.32–$0.48/lb ($19.00–$29.00/bu) (+80% to +140% premium).", "study_count": 15, "evidence_type": "economic_benchmark", "evidence_strength": "High", "prairie_relevance": "high", "source_title": "Saskatchewan Pulse Growers & Prairie Organic Development Fund Lentil Economics", "source_url": "https://www.saskpulse.com/", "notes": "Organic lentils require excellent weed sanitation in previous rotation years (e.g. green manure plow-down). Yield discounts average 20-30%, resulting in +50% to +110% higher net returns per acre.", "potential_yield_effect": -25.0 } ]