{"version":"6.9","hitCount":127774,"nextCursorMark":"AoIIQNYWqSg1NTExNTgzNA==","nextPageUrl":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=wheat AND (nitrogen OR drought OR irrigation OR cultivar)&cursorMark=AoIIQNYWqSg1NTExNTgzNA==&resultType=core&pageSize=30&format=json","request":{"queryString":"wheat AND (nitrogen OR drought OR irrigation OR cultivar)","resultType":"core","cursorMark":"*","pageSize":30,"sort":"","synonym":false},"resultList":{"result":[{"id":"42595831","source":"MED","pmid":"42595831","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-65822-9","title":"Phenotypic selection of high-yielding, water-productive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) putative mutants under well-watered and limited-irrigation conditions.","authorString":"Saber AA.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Saber AA","firstName":"Ayman Anter","lastName":"Saber","initials":"AA","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Field Crops Research, Biological and Agricultural Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt. tokaeman@gmail.com."}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"1","volume":"16","journalIssueId":4236079,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01","journal":{"title":"Scientific reports","medlineAbbreviation":"Sci Rep","essn":"2045-2322","issn":"2045-2322","isoabbreviation":"Sci Rep","nlmid":"101563288"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"25297","abstractText":"Developing high-yielding and water-stress-tolerant bread wheat cultivars with high water productivity is vital for sustainable wheat cultivation under the limited water resources in Egypt. In this study, bread wheat mutant lines from the M3, M4, and M5 generations and their mother cultivars were evaluated under both well-watered and limited-irrigation conditions over three growing seasons (2022-2024). Eight agronomic traits and water productivity were estimated to detect high-yielding, water stress-tolerant wheat lines with improved water productivity. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed among the mutant lines for the studied traits under both conditions. Twelve selected mutant lines surpassed their mother cultivars. Mutant line G5 exhibited the shortest plant height with high potential yield, representing a dwarf phenotype. Mutant lines G10, G1, G2 and G4 exhibited the highest actual genetic gain relative to the highest-yielding mother cultivar. High broad-sense heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance for the studied traits indicated the predominance of additive gene action and confirmed the effectiveness of phenotypic selection. Drought tolerance indices selected the same promising lines under limited-irrigation conditions. GGE biplot analysis revealed that mutant lines G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 were superior high-yielding lines, whereas G4, G7, G10 and G11 exhibited greater stability across irrigation regimes. Selected mutant lines exhibited improved water productivity compared with their mother cultivar under both conditions. Selected putative mutant lines will be advanced to multi-environment trials to further evaluate genotype x environment interactions and genetic stability. These mutant lines could serve as valuable genetic resources for bread wheat breeding programs aimed at enhancing grain yield under water-limited conditions.","affiliation":"Department of Field Crops Research, Biological and Agricultural Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt. tokaeman@gmail.com.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Triticum","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"GE","qualifierName":"genetics","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"GD","qualifierName":"growth & 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G","firstName":"Guiqin","lastName":"Qiu","initials":"G","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research Institute, The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory for Molecular Breeding of Dian-Type Hybrid Japonica Rice, Jingdong County Farmers' Academician Science and Technology Service Station, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Xiao Y","firstName":"Yurong","lastName":"Xiao","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research Institute, The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory for Molecular Breeding of Dian-Type Hybrid Japonica Rice, Jingdong County Farmers' Academician Science and Technology Service Station, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Huang D","firstName":"Dajun","lastName":"Huang","initials":"D","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research Institute, The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory for Molecular Breeding of Dian-Type Hybrid Japonica Rice, Jingdong County Farmers' Academician Science and Technology Service Station, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Duan Z","firstName":"Zilin","lastName":"Duan","initials":"Z","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research Institute, The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory for Molecular Breeding of Dian-Type Hybrid Japonica Rice, Jingdong County Farmers' Academician Science and Technology Service Station, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Pu S","firstName":"Shihuang","lastName":"Pu","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research Institute, The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory for Molecular Breeding of Dian-Type Hybrid Japonica Rice, Jingdong County Farmers' Academician Science and Technology Service Station, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wen J","firstName":"Jiancheng","lastName":"Wen","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research Institute, The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory for Molecular Breeding of Dian-Type Hybrid Japonica Rice, Jingdong County Farmers' Academician Science and Technology Service Station, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"17","journalIssueId":4112080,"dateOfPublication":"2026 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-01-01","journal":{"title":"Frontiers in plant science","medlineAbbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","essn":"1664-462X","issn":"1664-462X","isoabbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","nlmid":"101568200"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1819890","abstractText":"Global food security is facing formidable challenges due to rising temperatures, frequent extreme weather events, growing water scarcity, cropland reduction, fluctuations in international food trade, and rising food demand. Crop production systems are complex, multi-factor dynamic systems influenced collectively by crop cultivars, climatic conditions, soil properties, and management practices, which exhibit strong spatiotemporal variability. Crop growth models have emerged as essential tools in smart agriculture, integrating knowledge from crop physiology, ecology, meteorology, soil science, and agronomy to simulate crop growth processes dynamically. This systematic review focuses on six key aspects of crop growth modeling: (1) introduction of major crop models; (2) assessing climate change impacts on crop yields; (3) predicting yield potential and yield gaps; (4) identifying yield-limiting factors; (5) formulating adaptation strategies; and (6) challenges and future research directions. Future research should focus on the deep integration of crop growth models with remote sensing, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence technologies to establish intelligent \"space-air-ground\" decision-making systems that support precision, unmanned, and climate-resilient agriculture.","affiliation":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Rice Research Institute, The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory for Molecular Breeding of Dian-Type Hybrid Japonica Rice, Jingdong County Farmers' Academician Science and Technology Service Station, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["review-article","Review","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Climate change","Crop growth model","Adaptation Strategies","Yield Gaps","Yield 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V","firstName":"Virginia","lastName":"Garcia-Calabres","initials":"V","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-6459-1466"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071 , Córdoba, Spain."}]}},{"fullName":"Alvarez JB","firstName":"Juan B","lastName":"Alvarez","initials":"JB","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7036-1317"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071 , Córdoba, Spain."}]}},{"fullName":"Ibba MI","firstName":"Maria Itria","lastName":"Ibba","initials":"MI","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3263-0301"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico, DF Mexico."}]}},{"fullName":"Hernández-Espinosa N","firstName":"Nayelli","lastName":"Hernández-Espinosa","initials":"N","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0000-7505-8408"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico, DF Mexico."}]}},{"fullName":"Ammar K","firstName":"Karim","lastName":"Ammar","initials":"K","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2436-9200"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico, DF Mexico."}]}},{"fullName":"Guzmán C","firstName":"Carlos","lastName":"Guzmán","initials":"C","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1797-9273"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071 , Córdoba, Spain."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1797-9273"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3263-0301"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-6459-1466"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7036-1317"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2436-9200"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0000-7505-8408"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"3","volume":"46","journalIssueId":4129452,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Mar","monthOfPublication":3,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-03-01","journal":{"title":"Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement","medlineAbbreviation":"Mol Breed","essn":"1572-9788","issn":"1572-9788","isoabbreviation":"Mol Breed","nlmid":"9506703"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"19","abstractText":"Carotenoids are the pigments responsible for the yellow colour of durum wheat semolina, a key quality trait for pasta production. This study evaluated 46 commercial durum wheat cultivars grown under irrigated and drought-simulated conditions in the Yaqui Valley (Mexico), measuring yellow pigment content (YPC) and yellow pigment loss (YPL) under simulated processing conditions. Cultivars under the full irrigation system increased YPC (7.3 mg/kg) and reduced YPL (13.3%) compared to cultivars under drip irrigation system or simulated drought (YPC 6.6 mg/kg; YPL 15.3%), indicating that probably water limitation reduces carotenoid accumulation and enhances pigment degradation. Allelic variation in carotenoid biosynthesis genes (PSY-A1, PSY-B1, PDS-B1, ZDS-A1) and degradation genes (LPX-A3, LPX-B1.1) was assessed. Psy-A1o, Psy-B1n, and TdZds-A1.2 alleles were associated with higher YPC, while Lpx-B1.1c contributed to lower pigment loss. No significant effects were observed for PDS-B1 or LPX-A3, and no cultivar carried all favourable alleles simultaneously, highlighting the potential for further improvement and pyramiding of carotenoid-related traits. This study provides molecular markers and genotype information for breeding programs aimed at improving semolina and pasta colour, offering strategies to enhance pigment retention under contrasting water regimes.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-026-01641-0.","affiliation":"Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071 , Córdoba, Spain.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Durum Wheat","marker assisted selection","Lipoxygenases","Yellow Pigment Content"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-026-01641-0"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12917035"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12917035?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-02-23","dateOfCreation":"2026-02-23","firstIndexDate":"2026-02-23","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-02-20","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-02-18","firstPublicationDate":"2026-02-18"},{"id":"42221890","source":"MED","pmid":"42221890","pmcid":"PMC13220282","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13220282"]},"doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1826562","title":"Toward water-smart cereal production: a narrative review of agronomic, genetic, and digital innovations for water productivity and climate resilience.","authorString":"Sellami MH, Abi Saab MT, Albrizio R.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Sellami MH","firstName":"Mohamed Houssemeddine","lastName":"Sellami","initials":"MH","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7753-5703"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems (ISAFOM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy."}]}},{"fullName":"Abi Saab MT","firstName":"Marie Therese","lastName":"Abi Saab","initials":"MT","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Climate and Water Unit, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar, Lebanon."}]}},{"fullName":"Albrizio R","firstName":"Rossella","lastName":"Albrizio","initials":"R","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-9445-5967"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems (ISAFOM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7753-5703"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-9445-5967"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"17","journalIssueId":4112080,"dateOfPublication":"2026 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-01-01","journal":{"title":"Frontiers in plant science","medlineAbbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","essn":"1664-462X","issn":"1664-462X","isoabbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","nlmid":"101568200"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1826562","abstractText":"Cereal crops consume more freshwater than any other category of agricultural production, yet no recent review has quantitatively integrated agronomic, genetic, and digital water-smart innovations across the seven cereals most relevant to global food security: wheat (Triticum spp.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R.Br.), and finger millet (Eleusine coracana [L.] Gaertn.). This narrative review addresses that gap by synthesizing 110 studies - retrieved through a PRISMA-inspired selection workflow and appraised on a four-dimensional quality rubric - across five intervention domains: deficit irrigation, soil-moisture conservation, drought-resilient varieties, precision agriculture and digital irrigation, and integrated water management. Quantitative pooled findings indicate that mild alternate wetting and drying in rice reduces irrigation water by ~23% with negligible yield penalty, whereas severe drying incurs a ~23% yield loss; deficit irrigation in wheat improves water productivity by ~7% but reduces yield by ~16%; and straw mulching raises cereal yields by 13-22% (pooled). IoT-based scheduling delivers meaningful but heterogeneous irrigation-water savings relative to calendar-based practice, although the cereal-specific evidence base remains thin relative to horticultural applications. The review's principal contribution is the Genetics × Agronomy × Digital (G×A×D) integration framework, which maps these three intervention families onto the soil-plant-atmosphere-institution continuum and makes their combinatorial opportunities and institutional prerequisites explicit. The central critical conclusion is that the binding constraint on water-smart cereal production has shifted from the technical feasibility of individual interventions to the institutional, financial, and governance capacity required to combine them equitably, particularly in smallholder systems. Evidence for finger millet and for rainfed smallholder systems in sub-Saharan Africa remains notably thin and represents a priority gap.","affiliation":"Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems (ISAFOM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["review-article","Review","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Deficit irrigation","Conservation Agriculture","Alternate Wetting And Drying","Digital Irrigation","Drought-resilient Varieties","Genetics × Agronomy × Digital Framework"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1826562"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13220282"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13220282?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-06-01","dateOfCreation":"2026-06-01","firstIndexDate":"2026-06-02","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-06-02","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-05-15","firstPublicationDate":"2026-05-15"},{"id":"42316045","source":"MED","pmid":"42316045","doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-09302-2","title":"Enhancement of wheat's adaptability to recurrent drought by improving water transport and root physiological resistance through nitrogen application and partial root-zone irrigation technology.","authorString":"Daud M, Xu S, Qiao H, Wang S, Li W.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Daud M","firstName":"Muhammad","lastName":"Daud","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Xu S","firstName":"Shouming","lastName":"Xu","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Qiao H","firstName":"Haixia","lastName":"Qiao","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang S","firstName":"Songting","lastName":"Wang","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Li W","firstName":"Wenrao","lastName":"Li","initials":"W","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China. wrli2007@henu.edu.cn."}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"1","volume":"26","journalIssueId":4209472,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jun","monthOfPublication":6,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-06-01","journal":{"title":"BMC plant biology","medlineAbbreviation":"BMC Plant Biol","essn":"1471-2229","issn":"1471-2229","isoabbreviation":"BMC Plant Biol","nlmid":"100967807"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1282","abstractText":"

Background

Growing crops expose to drought stress more than once, yet it remains unclear whether early-stage drought will have a warning effect on the later drought. Nitrogen supply and partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) technology are thought to improve drought resistance, but their coordinated effects on hydraulic regulation and physiological resistance under recurrent drought conditions remain uncertain.

Results

Compared to (Full irrigation) FI, both one-time drought (D1) and recurrent drought (D2) reduced biomass, root activity, root hydraulic conductance (Kr), and root water potential (RWP). However, D2 plants-maintained Kr and RWP at levels similar to D1 while exhibiting stronger antioxidant activity and osmotic adjustment, indicating improved physiological acclimation to recurrent drought. Nitrogen supplementation significantly promoted biomass accumulation, osmotic production, and hydraulic performance. PRI further enhanced water transport capacity by increasing Kr, stimulating osmotic regulation, and enhancing antioxidant capacity while reducing oxidative damage under water-deficit conditions.

Conclusion

The coordinated regulation of nitrogen supply and PRI improves plant resilience and recovery capacity under recurrent water deficit conditions by sustaining water transport and strengthening root physiological resistance. These findings highlight the interactive role of nutrient management and irrigation strategy in enhancing plant resilience to repeated drought events.","affiliation":"School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"grantId":"252300421404","agency":"National Science Foundation of Henan Province","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Triticum","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Plant Roots","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Nitrogen","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Water","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Antioxidants","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Biological Transport"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Droughts"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Agricultural Irrigation","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Drought Resistance"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Nitrogen","Wheat","Antioxidant enzymes","Recurrent Drought Stress","Partial Root-zone Irrigation (Pri)"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Antioxidants","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"Water","registryNumber":"059QF0KO0R"},{"name":"Nitrogen","registryNumber":"N762921K75"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09302-2"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","license":"cc by-nc-nd","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-07-31","dateOfCreation":"2026-06-19","firstIndexDate":"2026-06-19","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-06-18","firstPublicationDate":"2026-06-18"},{"id":"42062889","source":"MED","pmid":"42062889","pmcid":"PMC13277196","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13277196"]},"doi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08822-1","title":"Effects of variety and irrigation on root morphological, physiological and molecular adaptation mechanism in soybean fields in a semi-arid region of China.","authorString":"Yan C, Wang W, Sun X, Wang C, Cao Y, Zhang L, Li S, Wang Y, Sun H, Zhao D.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Yan C","firstName":"Chunjuan","lastName":"Yan","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang W","firstName":"Wenbin","lastName":"Wang","initials":"W","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Sun X","firstName":"Xugang","lastName":"Sun","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang C","firstName":"Changling","lastName":"Wang","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China. bp672155@iCloud.com."}]}},{"fullName":"Cao Y","firstName":"Yongqiang","lastName":"Cao","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China. yqcao1977@163.com."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhang L","firstName":"Lijun","lastName":"Zhang","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Li S","firstName":"Shengyou","lastName":"Li","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang Y","firstName":"Yan","lastName":"Wang","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Sun H","firstName":"Hexiang","lastName":"Sun","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhao D","firstName":"Duo","lastName":"Zhao","initials":"D","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"1","volume":"26","journalIssueId":4168154,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Apr","monthOfPublication":4,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-04-01","journal":{"title":"BMC plant biology","medlineAbbreviation":"BMC Plant Biol","essn":"1471-2229","issn":"1471-2229","isoabbreviation":"BMC Plant Biol","nlmid":"100967807"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1048","abstractText":"BACKGROUND: Drought severely reduces soybean yield in semi-arid areas, and the drought resistant varieties and irrigation can effectively alleviate the loss of yield caused by drought. However, the impact of irrigation on the morphological, physiological, and molecular adaptation mechanisms of different drought-resistant soybean genotypes remains poorly understood. METHODS: A three-year field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid region to evaluate the effects of two irrigation regimes (non-irrigated and irrigated) and two soybean varieties (LD14 and LD21) on root morphological, physiological, and molecular traits. RESULTS: The results showed that irrigation increased the total root length, root surface area, root volume, and shoot biomass in both varieties. In contrast, irrigation reduced root-shoot ratio (R/SF and R/SD), antioxidant enzyme activities (POD and CAT), and the accumulation of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, proline, and MDA. Meanwhile, CAT activity and soluble protein content of LD14 were higher than those of LD21. More specifically, four CAT1-encoding genes were upregulated in the NLD21 vs. NLD14 and ILD21 vs. ILD14 comparisons, which showed the expression level of the gene encoding CAT1 in LD14 is higher than that in LD21. The mitochondria of LD21 was damaged more severe than that of LD14 on non-irrigated conditions. The vessel diameter of LD14 was larger than that of LD21 under the same irrigation condition; whereas the vessel diameter of the non-irrigated level was larger than that of the irrigated treatment for the same variety. Further research supposed these genes LOC100786184, LOC102669408, LOC100789083 and LOC100802727 may indirectly reduce the diameter of xylem vessels. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs and DAMs in different comparison groups were mainly enriched in fatty acid degradation, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, etc. CONCLUSIONS: LD14 (drought-resistant cultivar) showed a lower root length percentage with diameters of 0–0.1 mm compared with LD21(drought-sensitive cultivar). Generally, the soluble protein content and CAT activity in LD14 were higher than those in LD21, whereas the MDA content in LD14 was lower than that in LD21. The vessel diameter of LD14 was larger than that of LD21. The mitochondria of LD21 was damaged more severe than that of LD14 on non-irrigated conditions. The yield, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, plant height, main stem node number and branch number of LD14 were higher than those of LD21 in the same irrigation treatment. However, 100-seed weight and internode length of LD14 were lower than those of LD21. These findings hold important theoretical and practical significance in improving the drought resistance of soybean.","affiliation":"Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"grantId":"(2025XKJS8506)","agency":"Basic research business expenses of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"XLYC2403083","agency":"Construction of Liaoning Innovation Team in the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System, Liaoning Xingliao Talent Plan Project","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"32301782","agency":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Plant Roots","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"AH","qualifierName":"anatomy & histology","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"GE","qualifierName":"genetics","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"GD","qualifierName":"growth & development","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Adaptation, Physiological"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Genotype"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"China"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Agricultural Irrigation"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Drought Resistance"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Glycine max","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"AH","qualifierName":"anatomy & histology","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"GE","qualifierName":"genetics","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"GD","qualifierName":"growth & development","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Soybean","Root morphology","Transcriptome And Metabolome","Root Microstructure And Ultrastructure"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08822-1"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13277196"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13277196?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","license":"cc by-nc-nd","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["go"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-06-28","dateOfCreation":"2026-05-01","firstIndexDate":"2026-05-02","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-06-24","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-04-30","firstPublicationDate":"2026-04-30"},{"id":"42280737","source":"MED","pmid":"42280737","pmcid":"PMC13258836","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13258836"]},"doi":"10.3390/plants15111700","title":"Seed Hormonal Priming Improves Drought Resilience in Durum Wheat Through Modulation of Physiological and Biochemical Traits.","authorString":"Zagoub R, Hmissi M, Fernandez-Martinez E, Garcia-Sanchez F, Krouma A.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Zagoub R","firstName":"Rihab","lastName":"Zagoub","initials":"R","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Laboratory of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Arid Land of Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia."},{"affiliation":"Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia."}]}},{"fullName":"Hmissi M","firstName":"Manel","lastName":"Hmissi","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Laboratory of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Arid Land of Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia."}]}},{"fullName":"Fernandez-Martinez E","firstName":"Erika","lastName":"Fernandez-Martinez","initials":"E","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0006-8950-6228"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), E-30100 Murcia, Spain."}]}},{"fullName":"Garcia-Sanchez F","firstName":"Francisco","lastName":"Garcia-Sanchez","initials":"F","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-5884-4818"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), E-30100 Murcia, Spain."}]}},{"fullName":"Krouma A","firstName":"Abdelmajid","lastName":"Krouma","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-2004-5385"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Laboratory of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Arid Land of Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia."},{"affiliation":"Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-5884-4818"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-2004-5385"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0006-8950-6228"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"11","volume":"15","journalIssueId":4215260,"dateOfPublication":"2026 May","monthOfPublication":5,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-05-01","journal":{"title":"Plants (Basel, Switzerland)","medlineAbbreviation":"Plants (Basel)","essn":"2223-7747","issn":"2223-7747","isoabbreviation":"Plants (Basel)","nlmid":"101596181"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1700","abstractText":"Drought stress is one of the most severe constraints affecting wheat production worldwide. Under these conditions, the development of sustainable and economically viable strategies, such as seed priming, is essential to improve wheat performance and drought resilience. The present study carried out a greenhouse experiment on four Mediterranean durum wheat cultivars (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum Desf), i.e., Karim (Kr) and Khiar (Kh) from Tunisia and Espelta (Esp) and Mocho (Mo) from Spain, subjected to drought stress conditions, and using primed abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), melatonin (Mlt), and salicylic acid (SA), and non-primed seeds. In order to assess the physio-biochemical responses of durum wheat, such as plant growth, chlorophyll, relative water content (RWC), water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), proline, soluble sugars, starch, glycine betaine, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzyme activities. The results showed that water stress significantly reduced plant growth, SPAD index, RWC, Ψw, and Ψs, while upregulating H2O2 and MDA levels, depending on the wheat cultivars. Soluble sugars decreased, whereas starch, glycine betaine, and proline accumulated in all cultivars. Superoxide dismutase activity was reduced (24-37%) under water stress as compared to the control condition, while APX, CAT, and POD activities significantly increased. Among the cultivars, Esp exhibited the greatest plasticity in response to water deficit, whereas Kh appeared to be most sensitive. Furthermore, the present results revealed that the priming durum wheat seeds with ABA, IAA, Mlt, and SA improved leaf hydration, particularly through soluble sugar accumulation. Seed priming also alleviated oxidative stress by reducing H2O2 and MDA levels and stimulating APX, CAT, POD, and SOD activities. Plants grown from non-primed seeds of Spanish and Tunisian cultivars exhibited differential responses to drought stress, and those derived from primed seeds showed varying degrees of enhanced drought tolerance. Espelta demonstrated a high potential for stress tolerance and responsiveness to priming, followed by Karim, whereas Khiar was the most sensitive cultivar. Overall, the cultivars can be ranked in decreasing order of stress tolerance as Esp > Kr > Mo > Kh. These findings highlight the potential of phytohormone-based seed priming as an efficient and practical approach to enhance drought resilience in durum wheat, offering promising prospects for improving crop performance and stability under increasingly water-limited conditions in the era of climate change.","affiliation":"Laboratory of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Arid Land of Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"grantId":"PRIMA/DIVICIA","agency":"MESRS, Tunisia","orderIn":0}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Water relations","Antioxidant enzymes","Drought","Osmolytes","Durum Wheat","Hormonal Priming"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15111700"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13258836"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13258836?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-06-12","dateOfCreation":"2026-06-12","firstIndexDate":"2026-06-13","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-06-13","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-05-30","firstPublicationDate":"2026-05-30"},{"id":"IND609405694","source":"AGR","title":"Yield benefit and ecophysiological processes behind the introgression of HaHB4 in a modern wheat in the Argentine Pampas","authorString":"Ayala F, Curin F, Diaz-Zorita M, Murguía J, Montero Bulacio E, Portapila M, Otegui ME, Chan RL, González FG.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Ayala F","firstName":"Francisco","lastName":"Ayala","initials":"F"},{"fullName":"Curin F","firstName":"Facundo","lastName":"Curin","initials":"F"},{"fullName":"Diaz-Zorita M","firstName":"Martín","lastName":"Diaz-Zorita","initials":"M"},{"fullName":"Murguía J","firstName":"José","lastName":"Murguía","initials":"J"},{"fullName":"Montero Bulacio E","firstName":"Enrique","lastName":"Montero Bulacio","initials":"E"},{"fullName":"Portapila M","firstName":"Margarita","lastName":"Portapila","initials":"M"},{"fullName":"Otegui ME","firstName":"María E","lastName":"Otegui","initials":"ME"},{"fullName":"Chan RL","firstName":"Raquel Lía","lastName":"Chan","initials":"RL"},{"fullName":"González FG","firstName":"Fernanda Gabriela","lastName":"González","initials":"FG"}]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"339","journalIssueId":4115764,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Apr","monthOfPublication":4,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-04-01","journal":{"title":"Field Crops Research.","medlineAbbreviation":"Field Crops Res","essn":"1872-6852","issn":"0378-4290","isoabbreviation":"Field Crops Res","nlmid":"101147219"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"Not Available","abstractText":"Breeding for improved tolerance to water deficit is critical to mitigate the climate change impact on wheat yield. In 2020, Argentina approved the first wheat transformed with the sunflower HaHB4 gene (INDØØ412–7), which increased yield by 16 % compared to the non-transformed Cadenza under drought conditions. This benefit may have been overestimated, as Cadenza is a long cycle for the Pampas region. Additionally, the underlying physiological mechanisms of yield benefit, particularly those related to water use and water use efficiency, remain to be fully elucidated. The aims of the study are (i) to quantify the yield advantage of HaHB4 in a modern, well-adapted cultivar and (ii) to elucidate the physiological processes involved in yield benefit, which is crucial for identifying optimal environments for this technology. An HaHB4-introgressed line of Algarrobo was compared with the conventional cultivar in a broad network of experiments comprising one greenhouse, with two irrigation levels, and 29 field environments within the Pampas region combining different locations (10), years (5) and treatments (sowing dates, irrigation). Under water deficit during the reproductive phase, the yield advantage of HaHB4 was 15 % in the greenhouse and 13 % in the field. HaHB4 improved the relative yield by 0.06–0.08 % per mm of water deficit, also responding positively to moderate heat stress (∑Tmax > 30 °C ∼40–60 °Cd). The enhanced water use and water use efficiency conferred by HaHB4, allowed for maintaining biomass and yield under water deficit. The hypothesis of an initial overestimation of HaHB4 benefits can be rejected because in the modern Algarrobo cultivar it showed a similar benefit as in Cadenza. In areas prone to drought combined with heat stress, the introgression of HaHB4 in modern cultivars would enhance yield stability by improving water-limited yield. This may have a great impact on productivity in rainfed cropping systems, like most of the wheat-producing areas around the world.","language":"eng","pubModel":"Undetermined","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-02-09","dateOfCreation":"2026-02-09","firstIndexDate":"2026-02-09","firstPublicationDate":"2026-04-01"},{"id":"42077825","source":"MED","pmid":"42077825","pmcid":"PMC13130114","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13130114"]},"doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c10349","title":"Organic Soil Amendment Enhances Ascorbate Peroxidase-Mediated Antioxidant Defense in Water-Stressed Wheat.","authorString":"Komal L, Kamran A, Jahan S, Abd Allah EF, Avila-Quezada GD, Hashem A.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Komal L","firstName":"Lubaba","lastName":"Komal","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan."}]}},{"fullName":"Kamran A","firstName":"Atif","lastName":"Kamran","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan."}]}},{"fullName":"Jahan S","firstName":"Summera","lastName":"Jahan","initials":"S","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-0001-8991"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan."}]}},{"fullName":"Abd Allah EF","firstName":"Elsayed Fathi","lastName":"Abd Allah","initials":"EF","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plant Production, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia."}]}},{"fullName":"Avila-Quezada GD","firstName":"Graciela Dolores","lastName":"Avila-Quezada","initials":"GD","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, 31350 Chihuahua, México."}]}},{"fullName":"Hashem A","firstName":"Abeer","lastName":"Hashem","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-0001-8991"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"16","volume":"11","journalIssueId":4188931,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Apr","monthOfPublication":4,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-04-01","journal":{"title":"ACS omega","medlineAbbreviation":"ACS Omega","essn":"2470-1343","issn":"2470-1343","isoabbreviation":"ACS Omega","nlmid":"101691658"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"23845-23860","abstractText":"Drought stress remains a major constraint to wheat productivity, particularly in arid and semiarid regions where declining soil moisture disrupts photosynthetic efficiency, enzymatic regulation, and grain biochemical quality. In this study, the role of activated biochar as a soil amendment in enhancing drought resilience across selected wheat cultivars was evaluated. The study comprised three cultivars (C1, C2, C3) grown under five stress levels (DS0, DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4) with three levels of activated biochar as soil amendment (SA0, SA1, and SA2). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed distinct peaks where C1 had calcium dihydroxide and amide groups, C2 showed allene, glyoxal, and C-H symmetric stretching, whereas C3 exhibited glyoxal, cyclopropane, and strong -OH/-NH stretches. The SA2 improved photosynthetic attributes across cultivars, with C2 and C3 showing the highest gains under DS4 when amended with SA2. The H2O2 and O2 - production was reduced by 52% in C1 and C3 with SA2 when compared to SA0 under DS4. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and DPPH activity increased by 48-65% under SA2, while ABTS showed a slight suppression at DS4 in C2. Phenolic and flavonoid contents rose up to 2.4- and 2.2-fold, respectively, under SA2 at DS4, as compared to SA0 at DS4, notably in C1. Molecular docking revealed binding affinities between FTIR-predicted compound and APX protein interactions, revealing their coordinative role in stress resilience. This integrated physiological and molecular approach provides novel insights into the mechanistic role of organically amended soil and the APX enzyme in sustaining wheat performance under water-limited conditions.","affiliation":"Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c10349"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13130114"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13130114?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","license":"cc by-nc-nd","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["gen","doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-05-04","dateOfCreation":"2026-05-04","firstIndexDate":"2026-05-13","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-05-18","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-04-14","firstPublicationDate":"2026-04-14"},{"id":"42339386","source":"MED","pmid":"42339386","pmcid":"PMC13285027","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13285027"]},"doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1846481","title":"Drought adaptation in spring wheat seedlings relies on coordinated deep root architecture and cortical tissue allocation.","authorString":"Li X, Guo C, Bai C, Wang S, Gao X, Huo J, Cui F, Fan H, Bao X, Zhao C.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Li X","firstName":"Xinying","lastName":"Li","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Guo C","firstName":"Congcong","lastName":"Guo","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China."},{"affiliation":"Seed Industry Research Institute of Gansu Provincial University, Lanzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Bai C","firstName":"Chengxin","lastName":"Bai","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang S","firstName":"Shiji","lastName":"Wang","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Gao X","firstName":"Xiaoya","lastName":"Gao","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Huo J","firstName":"Jiahui","lastName":"Huo","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Cui F","firstName":"Fuyang","lastName":"Cui","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Fan H","firstName":"Hong","lastName":"Fan","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Bao X","firstName":"Xiaoyuan","lastName":"Bao","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhao C","firstName":"Cai","lastName":"Zhao","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China."},{"affiliation":"Seed Industry Research Institute of Gansu Provincial University, Lanzhou, China."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"17","journalIssueId":4112080,"dateOfPublication":"2026 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-01-01","journal":{"title":"Frontiers in plant science","medlineAbbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","essn":"1664-462X","issn":"1664-462X","isoabbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","nlmid":"101568200"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1846481","abstractText":"

Introduction

Root anatomical traits and spatial architecture play a critical role in crop water acquisition and utilization, directly impacting drought tolerance. However, comprehensive studies examining the synergistic effects of deep root configuration and cortical tissue organization under drought stress during the seedling stage remain scarce. Additionally, the underlying physiological mechanisms are not yet well understood.

Methods

In this study, we utilized a high-throughput, paper-based phenotyping platform to simulate drought stress using 10% PEG. An efficient, multi-trait evaluation framework was employed to classify the 28 tested genotypes into five drought tolerance categories.

Results

This approach enabled the identification of drought-tolerant cultivars \"Ruichun 1,\" \"Ningchun 11,\" and \"Ningchun 57,\" as well as the drought-sensitive cultivar \"Dingxi 48.\" Root traits, including maximum depth, convex hull area, and plant height, demonstrated strong explanatory power and could serve as valuable phenotypic indicators for seedling stage screening. Our findings suggest that drought adaptation in spring wheat involves a strategic coupling in which specific cortical configurations facilitate the development of deep root architecture. While previous studies have often focused on individual parameters, we show that drought-tolerant genotypes optimize root growth in deeper segments of the growth medium by adjusting cortical tissue proportions, potentially minimizing metabolic costs.

Discussion

This integrated perspective offers a detailed physiological framework for understanding drought resilience and moves toward a mechanism-based interpretation of resource reallocation. However, it is important to note that these results were obtained using a paper-based phenotyping platform under PEG-induced osmotic stress, reflecting the genotypic potential at the seedling stage rather than actual field drought tolerance. In conclusion, combining the paper-based high-throughput phenotyping platform with a multi-trait evaluation framework allows for the accurate classification of drought tolerance types and the efficient identification of representative spring wheat cultivars. The findings emphasize the importance of deep root configuration and optimized cortical allocation as fundamental components of the root structural basis for drought adaptation in spring wheat. These results provide clear phenotypic targets for early-stage screening, which should be further validated at later developmental stages and under field conditions before being applied in breeding programs.","affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Spring wheat","Drought tolerance","High-throughput Phenotyping Platform","Cortical Allocation","Deep Root Configuration"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1846481"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13285027"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13285027?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-06-24","dateOfCreation":"2026-06-24","firstIndexDate":"2026-06-24","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-06-26","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-06-08","firstPublicationDate":"2026-06-08"},{"id":"42058856","source":"MED","pmid":"42058856","pmcid":"PMC13121060","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13121060"]},"doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1798821","title":"Drought priming promotes phloem loading-driven sucrose export to alleviate the photosynthetic limitations under low nitrogen stress in wheat seedlings.","authorString":"Zhao C, Tao L, Bao T, Wang X, Hu Y, Zheng Q, Tian Z, Dai T.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Zhao C","firstName":"Chengfeng","lastName":"Zhao","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Tao L","firstName":"Liangyu","lastName":"Tao","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Bao T","firstName":"Tongxi","lastName":"Bao","initials":"T","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang X","firstName":"Xinyu","lastName":"Wang","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Hu Y","firstName":"Yujie","lastName":"Hu","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zheng Q","firstName":"Qiaomei","lastName":"Zheng","initials":"Q","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Tian Z","firstName":"Zhongwei","lastName":"Tian","initials":"Z","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Dai T","firstName":"Tingbo","lastName":"Dai","initials":"T","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"17","journalIssueId":4112080,"dateOfPublication":"2026 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-01-01","journal":{"title":"Frontiers in plant science","medlineAbbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","essn":"1664-462X","issn":"1664-462X","isoabbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","nlmid":"101568200"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1798821","abstractText":"Reducing nitrogen (N) application can improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and mitigate environmental pollution. However, this reduction often adversely affects photosynthesis and leads to inhibition of wheat growth. Thus, exploring effective agronomic measures to improve wheat's tolerance to low N is essential for balancing the conflict between N reduction and wheat growth. Drought priming has been proven to enhance plant stress tolerance, but its role and mechanisms in improving photosynthetic capacity under low N stress remain unclear. The effects of drought priming on wheat growth and photosynthesis were investigated under low N stress using hydroponic experiments with two wheat varieties, YM158 (low N-tolerant) and YM25 (low N-sensitive). The results showed that low N stress significantly inhibited biomass accumulation, whereas drought priming effectively alleviated this growth inhibition. Drought priming significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate (P n) of both cultivars compared to non-primed treatments under low N stress, which was primarily associated with enhanced Rubisco maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and activities of Rubisco and Rubisco activase (RCA). Furthermore, drought priming promoted triose phosphate (TP) utilization and upregulated the expression of sugar transporter genes, which reduced sucrose accumulation in leaves and consequently alleviated its feedback inhibition on photosynthesis. In summary, drought priming enhances phloem loading-driven sucrose transport, reduces leaf sucrose accumulation, and improves Rubisco activation, collectively alleviating photosynthetic feedback inhibition and sustaining stronger photosynthetic capacity under low N stress.","affiliation":"Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Photosynthesis","Wheat","Low nitrogen stress","Drought Priming","Rubisco Activation","Sucrose Export"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1798821"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13121060"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13121060?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-04-30","dateOfCreation":"2026-04-30","firstIndexDate":"2026-04-30","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-05-18","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-04-14","firstPublicationDate":"2026-04-14"},{"id":"41291453","source":"MED","pmid":"41291453","pmcid":"PMC12679763","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12679763"]},"doi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07809-8","title":"Optimizing water-nitrogen management for enhanced nutritional quality and mineral biofortification in dry-land winter wheat cultivars on the loess Plateau, China.","authorString":"Lian H, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Jin S, Bian G, Li H, Qin C.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Lian H","firstName":"Huida","lastName":"Lian","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, 046011, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhang Z","firstName":"Ziyu","lastName":"Zhang","initials":"Z","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Sciences, Shanxi normal University, taiyuan, 030000, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhang X","firstName":"Xiaxin","lastName":"Zhang","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Sciences, Shanxi normal University, taiyuan, 030000, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Jin S","firstName":"Shan","lastName":"Jin","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, 046011, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Bian G","firstName":"Gaopeng","lastName":"Bian","initials":"G","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, 046011, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Li H","firstName":"Hongbing","lastName":"Li","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Qin C","firstName":"Cheng","lastName":"Qin","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, 046011, China. qc332084910@163.com."}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"1","volume":"25","journalIssueId":4040877,"dateOfPublication":"2025 Nov","monthOfPublication":11,"yearOfPublication":2025,"printPublicationDate":"2025-11-01","journal":{"title":"BMC plant biology","medlineAbbreviation":"BMC Plant Biol","essn":"1471-2229","issn":"1471-2229","isoabbreviation":"BMC Plant Biol","nlmid":"100967807"}},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"1680","abstractText":"Wheat grain nutritional quality directly influences human health. While appropriate water and nitrogen management significantly enhance wheat yield, their specific effects on grain quality remain insufficiently explored. We investigated the impact of varying water and nitrogen treatments on dryland wheat variety quality. To assess quality and mineral element content parameters, winter wheat cultivars underwent to two water regimes (sufficient and insufficient) combined with two nitrogen fertiliser levels (sufficient and insufficient). Results indicated that sufficient nitrogen fertilisation (N2) increased mineral element contents; albumin, globulin, glutenin, and wet gluten levels; starch swelling capacity; grain hardness; and favourable gelatinization characteristics. Under insufficient nitrogen application (N1), adequate irrigation (W2) also improved grain mineral element contents, amylose levels, protein content, and the amylose/amylopectin ratio. W2N2 treatment, compared to W1N1, enhanced grain phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur levels, and the amylose/amylopectin ratio. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations among nitrogen, sulfur, manganese, copper, amylose, wet gluten content, and gelatinization temperature. Interestingly, modern cultivars exhibited optimal grain quality under the W1N1 treatment, suggesting their quality is maintained even in low-input systems. However, overall dryland wheat quality did not improve with yield during varietal replacement. Therefore, variety selection based on environmental constraints and management practices is crucial for optimizing both grain quality and resource utilization.","affiliation":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, 046011, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal 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Irrigation"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Edible Grain","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"CH","qualifierName":"chemistry","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Biofortification"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Mineral elements","Protein Fractions","Gelatinization Properties","Water–nitrogen Interaction","Wheat Variety Replacement"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Minerals","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"Fertilizers","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"Water","registryNumber":"059QF0KO0R"},{"name":"Nitrogen","registryNumber":"N762921K75"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07809-8"},{"availability":"Open 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by-nc-nd","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-06-26","dateOfCreation":"2025-11-26","firstIndexDate":"2025-11-26","fullTextReceivedDate":"2025-12-22","dateOfRevision":"2026-06-26","electronicPublicationDate":"2025-11-26","firstPublicationDate":"2025-11-26"},{"id":"41977748","source":"MED","pmid":"41977748","pmcid":"PMC13075097","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13075097"]},"doi":"10.3390/plants15071089","title":"Regulation of Second Basal Internode Characteristics by Nitrogen Fertilizer Enhances Lodging Resistance and Yield in Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.).","authorString":"Shang C, Li Q, Duan W, Guo J, Zhou B, Ma J, Wang L, Liu X, Zhen W.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Shang C","firstName":"Chong","lastName":"Shang","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Li Q","firstName":"Qianwen","lastName":"Li","initials":"Q","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Duan W","firstName":"Weiwei","lastName":"Duan","initials":"W","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Guo J","firstName":"Jinkao","lastName":"Guo","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"Wheat Research Center, Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050041, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhou B","firstName":"Baoyuan","lastName":"Zhou","initials":"B","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-0979-4460"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China."},{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Ma J","firstName":"Jiayu","lastName":"Ma","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang L","firstName":"Li","lastName":"Wang","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Liu X","firstName":"Xuejing","lastName":"Liu","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhen W","firstName":"Wenchao","lastName":"Zhen","initials":"W","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding 071001, China."},{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding 071001, China."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-0979-4460"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"7","volume":"15","journalIssueId":4179673,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Apr","monthOfPublication":4,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-04-01","journal":{"title":"Plants (Basel, Switzerland)","medlineAbbreviation":"Plants (Basel)","essn":"2223-7747","issn":"2223-7747","isoabbreviation":"Plants (Basel)","nlmid":"101596181"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1089","abstractText":"In the North China Plain (NCP), wind and rain during the grain-filling period of winter wheat can cause lodging. The second basal internode (I2), a key load-bearing structure, plays a central role in yield stability. This study, under a constant nitrogen (N) application rate of 270 kg ha-1, aimed to clarify how nitrogen basal-to-topdressing ratios regulate I2 characteristics to balance lodging resistance and yield increase. Field experiments were conducted across two seasons with three cultivars and three nitrogen split ratios (5:5, CK; 3:7, N1; and 7:3, N2). Dynamic measurements of I2 mechanical properties, morphology, anatomy, and composition were taken, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for analysis. Results showed that the culm lodging resistance index (CLRI) decreased by 41.8% from flowering to milk stage under all treatments, with CLRI at the milk stage of lodging treatments between 0.11 and 0.15. SEM supported a composition-structure-lodging resistance-yield chain, with CLRI as the key mediator. The N1 treatment significantly improved CLRI at all stages and increased yield by 12.2% compared to CK, making it a recommended nitrogen strategy for improving both yield and lodging resistance. These findings provide agronomically applicable nitrogen management guidelines for high-yield winter wheat systems.","affiliation":"College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"grantId":"2023YFD2301502","agency":"Wenchao Zhen","orderIn":0}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Yield","Winter wheat","Milk Stage","Culm Lodging Resistance Index (Clri)","Nitrogen Basal-to-topdressing Ratio","Second Basal Internode (I2)"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15071089"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13075097"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13075097?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-04-14","dateOfCreation":"2026-04-14","firstIndexDate":"2026-04-14","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-04-20","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-04-02","firstPublicationDate":"2026-04-02"},{"id":"42022996","source":"MED","pmid":"42022996","pmcid":"PMC13096069","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13096069"]},"doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1793353","title":"Simulating water-nitrogen transport for winter wheat under drought-rewatering conditions in the North China.","authorString":"Li Y, He A, Gong X, Gao S, Wang Q, He P, Liu Y, Li H.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Li Y","firstName":"Yanbin","lastName":"Li","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"He A","firstName":"Aofeng","lastName":"He","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Gong X","firstName":"Xuewen","lastName":"Gong","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Gao S","firstName":"Shikai","lastName":"Gao","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang Q","firstName":"Qian","lastName":"Wang","initials":"Q","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"He P","firstName":"Pengcheng","lastName":"He","initials":"P","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Liu Y","firstName":"Yihao","lastName":"Liu","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Li H","firstName":"Hao","lastName":"Li","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"17","journalIssueId":4112080,"dateOfPublication":"2026 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-01-01","journal":{"title":"Frontiers in plant science","medlineAbbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","essn":"1664-462X","issn":"1664-462X","isoabbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","nlmid":"101568200"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1793353","abstractText":"

Introduction

This study integrated field experiments with the HYDRUS-2D model to investigate the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on winter wheat yield and nitrogen transformation.

Materials and methods

Field trials incorporated two irrigation regimes-conventional irrigation (75%-100% of field capacity) and drought stress (50%-60% of field capacity)-alongside three nitrogen application rates (100, 200, and 300 kg/ha) applied during the jointing and filling stages. The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of drought and rewatering on the spatiotemporal distribution, transformation, and leaching of soil nitrogen, and to assess the HYDRUS-2D model's applicability in simulating non-steady-state water-nitrogen dynamics.

Results

The results indicated that the HYDRUS-2D model demonstrated high accuracy in simulating the spatiotemporal dynamics of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, with coefficients of determination R2 exceeding 0.78 and both RMSE and MAE values below 5.97. Regarding nitrogen transformation, drought during the jointing stage significantly inhibited nitrification, leading to the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer. Upon rewatering, the rapid conversion of ammonium to nitrate nitrogen enhanced leaching into deeper soil layers (40-100 cm). Conversely, drought during the filling stage had a minimal impact on nitrogen transformation and posed a comparatively lower risk of nitrate leaching following rewatering. Finally, nitrogen application significantly influenced crop yield; moderate application (200 kg/ha) combined with adequate irrigation maximized winter wheat yield, whereas excessive application resulted in nitrogen loss and yield reduction.

Discussion

These findings validate the model's predictive capability and provide theoretical insights for optimizing water and nitrogen management to enhance crop yield and mitigate environmental pollution under water resource constraints.","affiliation":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Winter wheat","Nitrate nitrogen","nitrogen transformation","Ammonium Nitrogen","Hydrus","Water-nitrogen Coupling"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1793353"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13096069"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13096069?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-04-23","dateOfCreation":"2026-04-23","firstIndexDate":"2026-04-23","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-04-22","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-04-07","firstPublicationDate":"2026-04-07"},{"id":"42292865","source":"MED","pmid":"42292865","pmcid":"PMC13260209","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13260209"]},"doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2026.103981","title":"SCRUM: A simple model for estimating uptake of nitrogen and water by field crops.","authorString":"Khaembah EN, Cichota R, Gee M, Brown HE.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Khaembah EN","firstName":"Edith N","lastName":"Khaembah","initials":"EN","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand."}]}},{"fullName":"Cichota R","firstName":"Rogerio","lastName":"Cichota","initials":"R","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand."}]}},{"fullName":"Gee M","firstName":"Megan","lastName":"Gee","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand."}]}},{"fullName":"Brown HE","firstName":"Hamish E","lastName":"Brown","initials":"HE","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"16","journalIssueId":4079765,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jun","monthOfPublication":6,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-06-01","journal":{"title":"MethodsX","medlineAbbreviation":"MethodsX","essn":"2215-0161","issn":"2215-0161","isoabbreviation":"MethodsX","nlmid":"101639829"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"103981","abstractText":"This paper describes the Simple Crop Resource Uptake Model (SCRUM), a configurable generic crop model implemented in APSIM Next Generation's Plant Modelling Framework. SCRUM simulates crop development using a nine‑phase phenology coupled to a simplified plant module consisting of stover, product, root, and nodule (only in legumes) and a thermal‑time‑driven trajectory for daily potential growth. Water limitation is computed through APSIM's canopy energy balance (MicroClimate). Nitrogen uptake is determined by organ growth and tissue nitrogen targets, constrained by soil mineral nitrogen supply and supplemented by biological fixation when enabled. The generic and simple nature of SCRUM makes it easy for new crops to be configured using expert knowledge, enabling rapid set‑up for species and end‑uses where comprehensive crop models are unavailable. Model evaluation using field data indicated that SCRUM, in the APSIM framework, is a promising a tool that can utilised in the analysis of nitrogen and water management practices of across a range of conditions.•A generic, configurable crop model for rapid parameterization of data‑limited species and end‑uses.•Coupled water stress (canopy energy balance) and nitrogen dynamics (demand targets, supply constraints, optional fixation).•A transparent model description including structure, parameter inputs and assumptions.","affiliation":"New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited","orderIn":0}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Water balance","Nitrogen balance","Crop model","Simple","Farm Systems Modelling"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2026.103981"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13260209"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13260209?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-06-15","dateOfCreation":"2026-06-15","firstIndexDate":"2026-06-16","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-06-13","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-06-02","firstPublicationDate":"2026-06-02"},{"id":"PPR1298113","source":"PPR","doi":"10.20944/preprints202608.0910.v1","title":"Biochar and Mycorrhiza Modulate Potato Growth in Irrigated Soil Conditions","authorString":"Yang Q, Manevski K, Ravnskov S, Nechkovski S, Andersen MN.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Yang Q","firstName":"Qi","lastName":"Yang","initials":"Q"},{"fullName":"Manevski K","firstName":"Kiril","lastName":"Manevski","initials":"K"},{"fullName":"Ravnskov S","firstName":"Sabine","lastName":"Ravnskov","initials":"S"},{"fullName":"Nechkovski S","firstName":"Stojanche","lastName":"Nechkovski","initials":"S"},{"fullName":"Andersen MN","firstName":"Mathias Neumann","lastName":"Andersen","initials":"MN"}]},"pubYear":"2026","abstractText":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar may improve crop growth in drought-prone sandy soils, but their interactive effects under different water regimes remain unclear. We investigated their effects on potato growth and nutrient uptake under water deficit. A semi-field rainout-shelter experiment was conducted in Denmark using low-phosphorus (P) sandy soil (Olsen P: 18.3 mg kg−1), unamended (BC−) or amended with wheat-straw biochar (BC+). Potato plants were grown without (M−) or with Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation (M+) and irrigated at three soil water thresholds (75, 50, and 25% of field capacity). Biochar increased P and nitrogen (N) uptake and tuber biomass, with biomass gains strongly correlated with nutrient uptake. Under high irrigation, BC+M+ increased tuber biomass, P uptake, and N uptake by 55, 73, and 32%, respectively, compared with BC−M−. Without biochar, AMF did not increase nutrient uptake and reduced tuber biomass. AMF root colonization and its soil lipid biomarker were affected by water deficit, with responses also associated with soil pH and P availability. Overall, adequate water availability was critical for realizing the benefits of combined biochar and AMF application in low-P sandy soil.","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Preprint"]},"bookOrReportDetails":{"publisher":"Preprints.org","yearOfPublication":2026},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.0910.v1"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","license":"cc by","versionList":{"version":[{"id":"PPR1298113","source":"PPR","firstPublishDate":"2026-08-13","versionNumber":1,"pubTypeList":{"pubType":["preprint"]},"hasEvaluations":"N"}]},"versionNumber":1,"hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-15","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-15","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-13"},{"id":"PPR1295154","source":"PPR","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-10511339/v1","title":"Physiochemical Mechanisms of Post Drought Recovery and Yield Stability in Wheat – Unfolding the Resilience Dynamics","authorString":"Rai GK, Khanday DM, Jamwal G, Kumar RR, Bakshi S, Rai PK.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Rai GK","firstName":"Gyanendra Kumar","lastName":"Rai","initials":"GK"},{"fullName":"Khanday DM","firstName":"Danish Mushtaq","lastName":"Khanday","initials":"DM"},{"fullName":"Jamwal G","firstName":"Gayatri","lastName":"Jamwal","initials":"G"},{"fullName":"Kumar RR","firstName":"Ranjeet Ranjan","lastName":"Kumar","initials":"RR"},{"fullName":"Bakshi S","firstName":"Suman","lastName":"Bakshi","initials":"S"},{"fullName":"Rai PK","firstName":"Pradeep Kumar","lastName":"Rai","initials":"PK"}]},"pubYear":"2026","abstractText":"Abstract

Drought is one of the most important environmental factors limiting wheat productivity, particularly during critical growth stages, and is expected to intensify under changing climatic conditions. Developing drought-tolerant cultivars requires a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and biochemical processes involved in stress adaptation and recovery. Here, we evaluated the drought responses in four wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, namely C-306, RSP-561, RSP-566, and HD-2888, under controlled pot conditions. The experimental plants were exposed to three irrigation treatments - well-watered control (100% irrigation), severe drought stress (0% irrigation), and drought stress followed by re-watering. A comprehensive evaluation of biochemical, physiological, antioxidant, and yield-related traits was carried out to identify mechanisms associated with drought tolerance. Drought-tolerant cvs . C-306 and RSP-561 showed higher accumulation of phenols, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, proline, and soluble sugars, indicating enhanced antioxidant protection and osmotic adjustment under water deficit. These cultivars also maintained greater antioxidant enzyme activity, reflecting an efficient defense system against oxidative damage. In contrast, HD-2888 and particularly RSP-566 showed higher lipid peroxidation and lower membrane stability, indicating greater cellular injury under stress. Superior growth, phenological performance, and yield-related traits were recorded in C-306 and RSP-561 compared with the more susceptible cultivars. Following re-watering, C-306, RSP-561, and HD-2888 exhibited substantial recovery in chlorophyll content, relative water content, and leaf area, whereas recovery was limited in RSP-566. Overall, C-306 and RSP-561 demonstrated greater drought resilience, with RSP-561 emerging as a promising genetic resource for breeding wheat cultivars with improved drought tolerance and stable yield.

","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Preprint"]},"bookOrReportDetails":{"publisher":"Research Square","yearOfPublication":2026},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10511339/v1"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"N","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","versionList":{"version":[{"id":"PPR1295154","source":"PPR","firstPublishDate":"2026-08-10","versionNumber":1,"pubTypeList":{"pubType":["preprint"]},"hasEvaluations":"N"}]},"versionNumber":1,"hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-11","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-11","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-10"},{"id":"41159001","source":"MED","pmid":"41159001","pmcid":"PMC12558156","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12558156"]},"doi":"10.7717/peerj.20230","title":"Dynamic effects of irrigation on photosynthesis and yield-related physiological characteristics in different glutinous wheat cultivars.","authorString":"Li Y, Wang X, Kang R, Xu L, Li X, Liu H, Qiu Z, Dai Z, Zhu Y.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Li Y","firstName":"Yan","lastName":"Li","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang X","firstName":"Xin","lastName":"Wang","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Kang R","firstName":"Ruoxi","lastName":"Kang","initials":"R","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Xu L","firstName":"Lixiao","lastName":"Xu","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Li X","firstName":"Xuegui","lastName":"Li","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Liu H","firstName":"Hanyu","lastName":"Liu","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Qiu Z","firstName":"Zhennan","lastName":"Qiu","initials":"Z","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Dai Z","firstName":"Zhongmin","lastName":"Dai","initials":"Z","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhu Y","firstName":"Yuangang","lastName":"Zhu","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"13","journalIssueId":3884597,"dateOfPublication":"2025 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2025,"printPublicationDate":"2025-01-01","journal":{"title":"PeerJ","medlineAbbreviation":"PeerJ","essn":"2167-8359","issn":"2167-8359","isoabbreviation":"PeerJ","nlmid":"101603425"}},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"e20230","abstractText":"Water scarcity critically constrains wheat production in North China, yet the irrigation responsiveness of novel glutinous wheat cultivars remains poorly quantified. This study systematically investigated the physiological mechanisms of common wheat Shimai 19 (SM19), partially glutinous SM19-P (Wx-B1 null), and fully glutinous SM19-N (triple null) under three irrigation regimes: rain-fed (W0), water-saving (W1: jointing irrigation), and conventional irrigation (W2: overwintering + jointing + flowering irrigations). Dynamic monitoring of flag leaf photosynthesis (Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), net photosynthetic rate (Pn)), antioxidant enzyme systems (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) net photosynthetic rate (Pn), malondialdehyde (MDA)), grain starch synthase activities (granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), soluble starch synthase (SSS), adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch branching enzyme (SBE)), and yield components revealed that: (1) SM19 achieved maximum photosynthetic capacity under W1 (Pn increased by 59.54% vs. W0 at 21 days post anthesis (DPA), p < 0.05) with optimal oxidative damage resistance (MDA reduced by 78.73% at 0 DPA), whereas SM19-P and SM19-N required W2 to reach photosynthetic peaks (Pn increased by 60.56% in SM19-P) and enzyme activity maxima (CAT increased by 66.67% in SM19-N). (2) Starch synthase activities peaked under water deficit (W0) early in grain-filling (≤14 DPA) but became tightly coupled to irrigation frequency thereafter. This was supported by a highly significant correlation between irrigation and final yield (r = 0.803, p < 0.01). The coordinated upregulation of AGPase and SSS (r = 0.726, p < 0.01) underpinned this response. The superior branched-starch accumulation in genotype SM19-N (+23%) was linked to its markedly higher SBE activity (r = 0.867, p < 0.01). (3) Yield optimization was genotype-specific: SM19 yielded highest under W1, while SM19-N peaked under W2. The study demonstrates that, unlike common wheat (SM19) which performs optimally under water-saving irrigation, the novel glutinous lines (SM19-P/SM19-N) require full irrigation to realize their yield potential, highlighting a critical trade-off between starch quality and drought adaptation. The key indicators identified-photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and starch metabolism-provide a theoretical foundation for developing future glutinous wheat varieties combining drought tolerance with high starch quality.","affiliation":"College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"grantId":"No. 31271667","agency":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"SKLCSRHPKF14","agency":"The Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production NWAFU","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"No. ZR2019MC032","agency":"The Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Triticum","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"GD","qualifierName":"growth & development","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Plant Leaves","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Water"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Antioxidants","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Photosynthesis","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"China"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Agricultural Irrigation","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Photosynthesis","Antioxidant enzymes","Irrigation","Starch Synthases","Glutinous Wheat"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Antioxidants","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"Water","registryNumber":"059QF0KO0R"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20230"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12558156"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12558156?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2025-10-29","dateOfCreation":"2025-10-29","firstIndexDate":"2025-10-29","fullTextReceivedDate":"2025-10-29","dateOfRevision":"2025-10-31","electronicPublicationDate":"2025-10-24","firstPublicationDate":"2025-10-24"},{"id":"IND609442216","source":"AGR","title":"Silicon-mediated drought stress tolerance in wheat: Impacts on yield, nutrient uptake, osmotic regulation, and antioxidant responses","authorString":"Saleh J, Soliemanzadeh A.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Saleh J","firstName":"Jahanshah","lastName":"Saleh","initials":"J"},{"fullName":"Soliemanzadeh A","firstName":"Akbar","lastName":"Soliemanzadeh","initials":"A"}]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"337","journalIssueId":4096181,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Mar","monthOfPublication":3,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-03-01","journal":{"title":"Field Crops Research.","medlineAbbreviation":"Field Crops Res","essn":"1872-6852","issn":"0378-4290","isoabbreviation":"Field Crops Res","nlmid":"101147219"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"Not Available","abstractText":"Climate change has severely impacted wheat productivity in the MENA region, where water shortages and drought stress are major challenges. To address these issues, strategic approaches, such as applying silicon (Si) during critical wheat growth phases, are essential. For this purpose, split-plot field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (2020/21 and 2021/22) to evaluate the effects of four Si application levels including control (Si0), fertigation with 20 kg ha⁻¹ (Si1), foliar spray with 2.5 kg ha⁻¹ (Si2), and foliar spray with 5 kg ha⁻¹ (Si3) combined with two irrigation regimes (100 % of the irrigation requirement, I100 and 60 % of the irrigation requirement, I60) on wheat yield performance. The results revealed that silicon application, especially the Si1 treatment followed by Si3, reduced the impact of water stress on stem length, kernel number per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, and grain yield across both seasons. For instance, applying the Si1 treatment under deficit irrigation increased grain yield by 16 % in the first year and 24 % in the second year compared with the control. The straw and grain nutrient contents were also affected by Si application and irrigation regimes. Under deficit irrigation, fertigation with 20 kg ha⁻¹ Si significantly increased nitrogen (N) content in both straw and grain, by 6 % in the first year, and by 13 % (grain) and 23 % (straw) in the second year. The interaction between Si application and irrigation regimes significantly influenced proline, reducing sugar, and glycine betaine levels; for instance, while proline content rose under water stress conditions in both growing seasons, the Si1, Si2, and Si3 treatments significantly reduced it. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was enhanced in wheat plants under drought stress, particularly when combined with Si application. In contrast, catalase activity decreased under water stress; however, Si application significantly boosted its activity. In conclusion, fertigation with 20 kg ha⁻¹ Si during the stem extension phase demonstrated the best performance in mitigating drought stress, enhancing wheat yield components, improving nutrient uptake, and regulating physiological responses, making it a promising strategy to strengthen wheat resilience under water-limited conditions.","language":"eng","pubModel":"Undetermined","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-02-25","dateOfCreation":"2026-02-25","firstIndexDate":"2026-03-20","firstPublicationDate":"2026-03-01"},{"id":"42306417","source":"MED","pmid":"42306417","pmcid":"PMC13267822","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13267822"]},"doi":"10.3389/fpls.2026.1826518","title":"Cultivar-specific drought responses in pineapple revealed by concurrent changes in PSII and PSI energy partitioning.","authorString":"An D, Yan C, He J, Xu Z, Su J, Zhao B.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"An D","firstName":"Dongsheng","lastName":"An","initials":"D","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Zhanjiang, China."},{"affiliation":"Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China."},{"affiliation":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Dryland and Water-Saving Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Yan C","firstName":"Chengming","lastName":"Yan","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Zhanjiang, China."},{"affiliation":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Dryland and Water-Saving Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China."},{"affiliation":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition of Hainan Province, Haikou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"He J","firstName":"Junjun","lastName":"He","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Zhanjiang, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Xu Z","firstName":"Zhijun","lastName":"Xu","initials":"Z","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Su J","firstName":"Junbo","lastName":"Su","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Zhanjiang, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhao B","firstName":"Baoshan","lastName":"Zhao","initials":"B","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Zhanjiang, China."},{"affiliation":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Dryland and Water-Saving Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"17","journalIssueId":4112080,"dateOfPublication":"2026 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-01-01","journal":{"title":"Frontiers in plant science","medlineAbbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","essn":"1664-462X","issn":"1664-462X","isoabbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","nlmid":"101568200"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1826518","abstractText":"Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.), a typical Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) crop, exhibits remarkable drought tolerance; however, the concurrent responses of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) under drought stress remain unclear. In this study, three pineapple cultivars ('MD-2', 'Tainong21', and 'Paris') were subjected to progressive drought stress (mild, moderate, and severe) followed by rewatering, PSII energy allocation and PSI limitation responses was evaluated using Dual-PAM chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Drought stress significantly altered photosynthetic energy partitioning among cultivars, as reflected by consistent changes in ETR(II), NPQ, and Y(NO) across drought stages. Under mild drought, 'Tainong21' showed an early reduction in ETR(II) accompanied by relatively elevated NPQ, whereas 'Paris' exhibited a comparatively conservative response by reducing photochemical activity under moderate drought. In contrast, 'MD-2' maintained relatively higher ETR(II) together with stable NPQ throughout drought progression and showed the strongest recovery after rewatering. Across cultivars, severe drought was associated with decreased NPQ and increased Y(NO). PSI-related parameters showed comparatively smaller variation, with stable Y(ND) but increased Y(NA) under severe drought. Linear mixed-effects model analysis further indicated that the estimated cyclic electron flow (CEF), used as a proxy, exhibited a significant cultivar × drought interaction under high light conditions. Most fluorescence parameters partially recovered after rehydration, suggesting that the observed limitations were largely reversible at the functional level. Overall, these results demonstrate cultivar-specific photosystem response patterns under drought and provide a physiological basis for fluorescence-based phenotyping and drought-tolerance screening in CAM crops.","affiliation":"South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Zhanjiang, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Chlorophyll fluorescence","Drought stress","Photoprotection","CAM plants","Non-photochemical quenching"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1826518"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13267822"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13267822?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-06-17","dateOfCreation":"2026-06-17","firstIndexDate":"2026-06-18","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-06-26","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-06-01","firstPublicationDate":"2026-06-01"},{"id":"PPR1289119","source":"PPR","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-10517563/v1","title":"Interactive effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza, wheat cultivar, and water regime on cereal aphid performance","authorString":"Khoso AG.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Khoso AG","firstName":"Abdul Ghaffar","lastName":"Khoso","initials":"AG"}]},"pubYear":"2026","abstractText":"Abstract

Background and Aims Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important roles in improving plant water relations, nutrient acquisition, and tolerance to abiotic stress. However, the effects of AMF-mediated changes in wheat physiology under drought on aboveground herbivores remain poorly understood. This study investigated how Claroideoglomus etunicatum , wheat genotype, and water availability influence the performance of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae . Methods A factorial experiment comprising two wheat varieties (drought-non-susceptible Yunhan-618 and drought-susceptible Xinong-1376), two AMF treatments (mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal), and two water regimes (well-watered and water-deficit stress) was conducted. Root colonization, aphid developmental time, lifespan, fecundity, adult weight, water content, honeydew production, and host preference were evaluated. Results Claroideoglomus etunicatum colonization was significantly higher in Yunhan-618 than Xinong-1376 under water-deficit stress. Water deficit prolonged aphid development, particularly on mycorrhizal Yunhan-618 plants. Aphid lifespan was shorter on mycorrhizal plants, whereas fecundity, honeydew production, adult weight, and water content were generally higher on non-mycorrhizal plants, especially under well-watered conditions. Host preference also shifted over time in response to AMF colonization and water availability. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that interactions among AMF, wheat genotype, and water regime influence the performance and behavior of S. avenae . AMF-induced changes in host plants may indirectly affect herbivore fitness, providing insights into plant–microbe–insect interactions and supporting the development of sustainable pest management strategies for water-limited agroecosystems.

","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Preprint"]},"bookOrReportDetails":{"publisher":"Research Square","yearOfPublication":2026},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10517563/v1"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","versionList":{"version":[{"id":"PPR1289119","source":"PPR","firstPublishDate":"2026-07-31","versionNumber":1,"pubTypeList":{"pubType":["preprint"]},"hasEvaluations":"N"}]},"versionNumber":1,"hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-03","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-03","firstPublicationDate":"2026-07-31"},{"id":"42589494","source":"MED","pmid":"42589494","doi":"10.3390/ijms27156838","title":"Modulatory Effects of Pre- and Post-Drought Root Application of Melatonin on the Antioxidant Defense in Young Wheat Plants.","authorString":"Shopova E, Katerova Z, Vaseva I, Brankova L, Todorova D, Nikolova T, Iliev M, Sergiev I.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Shopova E","firstName":"Elena","lastName":"Shopova","initials":"E","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-6054-2408"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria."}]}},{"fullName":"Katerova Z","firstName":"Zornitsa","lastName":"Katerova","initials":"Z","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-0848-0534"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria."}]}},{"fullName":"Vaseva I","firstName":"Irina","lastName":"Vaseva","initials":"I","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3117-7274"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria."}]}},{"fullName":"Brankova L","firstName":"Liliana","lastName":"Brankova","initials":"L","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-4182-7333"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria."}]}},{"fullName":"Todorova D","firstName":"Dessislava","lastName":"Todorova","initials":"D","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-7100-834X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria."}]}},{"fullName":"Nikolova T","firstName":"Tsvetina","lastName":"Nikolova","initials":"T","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0005-0904-6405"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria."}]}},{"fullName":"Iliev M","firstName":"Martin","lastName":"Iliev","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria."}]}},{"fullName":"Sergiev I","firstName":"Iskren","lastName":"Sergiev","initials":"I","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2420-9146"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-6054-2408"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-7100-834X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-0848-0534"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2420-9146"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-4182-7333"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3117-7274"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0005-0904-6405"}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"15","volume":"27","journalIssueId":4232470,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jul","monthOfPublication":7,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-07-01","journal":{"title":"International journal of molecular sciences","medlineAbbreviation":"Int J Mol Sci","essn":"1422-0067","issn":"1422-0067","isoabbreviation":"Int J Mol Sci","nlmid":"101092791"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"6838","abstractText":"Melatonin is a naturally occurring compound that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. Recently, its stress-protective potential has been extensively studied. This study investigates the effect of exogenous melatonin on non-enzymatic antioxidants, gene expression, and activity of key antioxidant enzymes in young winter wheat plants subjected to 5 days of drought. Melatonin was root-supplemented 24 h before or after the stress. The parameters were analyzed in the leaves of two Bulgarian cultivars at the end of drought, and after recovery. Drought activated both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense in both cultivars, with distinct responses reflecting their tolerance. The drought-tolerant cv. Gines showed marked increase in total phenolics, thiol containing compounds, catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, and catalase (CATA, CAT3) and class III peroxidase (POX2) transcript levels. The less tolerant cv. Fermer exhibited more limited induction, primarily involving CATA, CAT3 and GR transcripts and the glutathione pool. Melatonin pre-treatment generally attenuated drought-induced antioxidant responses. This effect was more pronounced in cv. Fermer, where the most drought-responsive parameters were also the most alleviated by melatonin, whereas in cv. Gines only CATA expression, and CAT and GR activities were significantly influenced, suggesting cultivar-dependent modulation of antioxidant systems by melatonin. During recovery, both pre- and post-drought melatonin applications produced comparable effects on the antioxidant defense. The post-treatment selectively enhanced the studied transcripts in a cultivar-specific manner.","affiliation":"Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"grantId":"KP-06-N66/7 - 13.12.2022","agency":"Bulgarian National Science Fund","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Triticum","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug effects","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"GE","qualifierName":"genetics","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Plant Leaves","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug effects","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Plant Roots","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug effects","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Melatonin","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"PD","qualifierName":"pharmacology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Glutathione Reductase","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"GE","qualifierName":"genetics","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Catalase","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"GE","qualifierName":"genetics","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Glutathione","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Plant Proteins","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"GE","qualifierName":"genetics","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Antioxidants","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Gene Expression Regulation, Plant","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug effects","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Stress, Physiological","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug effects","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Droughts"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Drought Resistance"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Melatonin","Glutathione","Triticum aestivum L.","Drought","Transcript Profiling","Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Plant Proteins","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"Catalase","registryNumber":"EC 1.11.1.6"},{"name":"Antioxidants","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"Glutathione Reductase","registryNumber":"EC 1.8.1.7"},{"name":"Melatonin","registryNumber":"JL5DK93RCL"},{"name":"Glutathione","registryNumber":"GAN16C9B8O"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27156838"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-13","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-13","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-15","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-15","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-07-30","firstPublicationDate":"2026-07-30"},{"id":"PPR1226126","source":"PPR","doi":"10.64898/2026.01.16.699829","title":"Seed microbiota legacy mitigates the effect of drought in wheat","authorString":"Azarbad H, Pande PM, Giard-Laliberté C, Agoussar A, Dozois JA, L’Espérance E, Bainard LD, Tremblay J, Yergeau É.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Azarbad H","firstName":"Hamed","lastName":"Azarbad","initials":"H"},{"fullName":"Pande PM","firstName":"Pranav","lastName":"Pande","initials":"PM"},{"fullName":"Giard-Laliberté C","firstName":"Charlotte","lastName":"Giard-Laliberté","initials":"C"},{"fullName":"Agoussar A","firstName":"Asmaâ","lastName":"Agoussar","initials":"A"},{"fullName":"Dozois JA","firstName":"Jessica","lastName":"Dozois","initials":"JA"},{"fullName":"L’Espérance E","firstName":"Emmy","lastName":"L’Espérance","initials":"E"},{"fullName":"Bainard LD","firstName":"Luke","lastName":"Bainard","initials":"LD"},{"fullName":"Tremblay J","firstName":"Julien","lastName":"Tremblay","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-6085-3481"}},{"fullName":"Yergeau É","firstName":"Étienne","lastName":"Yergeau","initials":"É","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7112-3425"}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-6085-3481"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7112-3425"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0002-2832-873X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0006-8558-8756"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics"]},"pubYear":"2026","abstractText":"Seeds carry epiphytes and endophytes microbial partners that can shape plant fitness. However, whether these microbial communities serve as transgenerational memory systems of parental stress remains largely unstudied. Here, we combined multi-year field rainfall manipulation experiments in eastern Canada with a greenhouse experiment in western Canada to test whether seed-associated microbiota transmit drought legacies across plant generations. In the field experiment, reduced rainfall initially decreased yield in the drought-sensitive wheat cultivar (AC Nass), but selected for distinct seed bacterial endophyte communities. In subsequent generations, plants whose seed microbiota retained compositional similarity to these drought-adapted communities showed enhanced yield stability under upcoming water stress. A transgenerational field test confirmed that daughter plants derived from drought-exposed parent plants maintained performance under water limitation, whereas those from wetter origins did not. In an independent greenhouse assay using seeds from Saskatchewan fields differing in long- and short-term irrigation history, AC Nass plants from water-stress legacy sites exhibited higher photosynthetic efficiency, water-use efficiency, and root bacterial diversity under drought. Together, these findings demonstrate that seed-associated microbiota act as ecological archives of stress history, transmitting drought legacies across generations in a cultivar and year-dependent manner.","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Preprint"]},"bookOrReportDetails":{"publisher":"bioRxiv","yearOfPublication":2026},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"Fonds de recherche du Québec-Nature et technologies","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"RGPIN-2014-05274","agency":"the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"STPGP 494702","agency":"the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","orderIn":0}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.16.699829"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-05-19","firstIndexDate":"2026-05-19","firstPublicationDate":"2026-01-16"},{"id":"41660784","source":"MED","pmid":"41660784","pmcid":"PMC12893695","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12893695"]},"doi":"10.1080/15592324.2026.2627034","title":"T-Consciousness fields alter germination, growth, and biochemical responses of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> cv. Bahar) under drought stress.","authorString":"Torabi S, Taheri MA, Semsarha F, Hamidi A, Hussain M, Moghadampour M, Mohammadifard F.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Torabi S","firstName":"Sara","lastName":"Torabi","initials":"S","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2607-4262"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran."}]}},{"fullName":"Taheri MA","firstName":"Mohammad Ali","lastName":"Taheri","initials":"MA","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sciencefact R&D Department, Cosmointel Inc. Research Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}]}},{"fullName":"Semsarha F","firstName":"Farid","lastName":"Semsarha","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran."}]}},{"fullName":"Hamidi A","firstName":"Aidin","lastName":"Hamidi","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Karaj, Iran."}]}},{"fullName":"Hussain M","firstName":"Mubshar","lastName":"Hussain","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan."}]}},{"fullName":"Moghadampour M","firstName":"MirSaeid","lastName":"Moghadampour","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Islamic Azad university, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran."}]}},{"fullName":"Mohammadifard F","firstName":"Fariba","lastName":"Mohammadifard","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2607-4262"}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"1","volume":"21","journalIssueId":4076768,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Dec","monthOfPublication":12,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-12-01","journal":{"title":"Plant signaling & behavior","medlineAbbreviation":"Plant Signal Behav","essn":"1559-2324","issn":"1559-2316","isoabbreviation":"Plant Signal Behav","nlmid":"101291431"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"2627034","abstractText":"The existence of consciousness or mind-like properties in plants remains a debated topic in plant biology. This study examined a hypothesis involving nonfrequency T-Consciousness Fields, proposing that information transmitted through these fields may influence plant responses. Using the Faradarmani Consciousness Field (T1) and the T-Consciousness Charge Field (T2), two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design to assess their effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Bahar) under drought stress. The germination test was carried out in March, and the subsequent pot experiment was conducted in September 2025 in Gorgan and Guilan Provinces, Iran. In the first experiment, seeds were exposed to PEG-induced drought stress (0, -0.6, and -1.2  MPa) for 8 d, with or without T1 and T2, to evaluate germination and early growth. In the second experiment, seedlings grown in pots were subjected to three weeks of drought by withholding irrigation, with untreated plants serving as controls. Growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoid, total protein, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. The results obtained were processed statistically via one-way ANOVA. Severe drought reduced final and mean daily germination by about 40%, whereas T2 significantly improved both (p < 0.05). At -0.6 MPa, shoot and root lengths increased by approximately 70% and 46%, respectively, with significant greater enhancement under T2 (p < 0.05), whereas effects under more severe stress were limited. Under nonstress conditions, T2 markedly increased seedling growth and vigor, with 2-3-fold increases in root and shoot dry weights and 3-4-fold increases in seedling vigor indices compared with those of the control. In the pot experiments, T2 increased shoot length by ~25% and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by ~60%, while T1 increased protein content by ~25%. Both fields elevated SOD-specific activity by ~50%. Overall, T1 and T2 improved germination, growth, and biochemical traits, indicating their potential to mitigate drought stress in wheat; thus, their application could be recommended as a qualitative strategy to enhance wheat performance under water-limited conditions.","affiliation":"Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Triticum","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"GD","qualifierName":"growth & development","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Carotenoids","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Chlorophyll","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Superoxide Dismutase","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Germination","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Stress, Physiological"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Droughts"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Drought Resistance"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Growth","Superoxide dismutase","Wheat","Pigment","Drought stress","T-consciousness Field"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Carotenoids","registryNumber":"36-88-4"},{"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","registryNumber":"EC 1.15.1.1"},{"name":"Chlorophyll","registryNumber":"1406-65-1"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2026.2627034"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12893695"},{"availability":"Open 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irrigation.","authorString":"Desoky EM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Abd Elmohsen YH, Ahmed AF, Majrashi A, Abou-Elsebaa HM, Abu-Elsaoud AM, Mosa WFA, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Desoky EM","firstName":"El-Sayed M","lastName":"Desoky","initials":"EM","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt."}]}},{"fullName":"Abd El-Mageed TA","firstName":"Taia A","lastName":"Abd El-Mageed","initials":"TA","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt."}]}},{"fullName":"Abd Elmohsen YH","firstName":"Yasmine H","lastName":"Abd Elmohsen","initials":"YH","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Vegetable Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt."}]}},{"fullName":"Ahmed AF","firstName":"Atef F","lastName":"Ahmed","initials":"AF","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8723-9097"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia."}]}},{"fullName":"Majrashi A","firstName":"Ali","lastName":"Majrashi","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia."}]}},{"fullName":"Abou-Elsebaa HM","firstName":"Hoda M","lastName":"Abou-Elsebaa","initials":"HM","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia."}]}},{"fullName":"Abu-Elsaoud AM","firstName":"Abdelghafar M","lastName":"Abu-Elsaoud","initials":"AM","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}]}},{"fullName":"Mosa WFA","firstName":"Walid F A","lastName":"Mosa","initials":"WFA","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt."}]}},{"fullName":"Saad AM","firstName":"Ahmed M","lastName":"Saad","initials":"AM","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt."}]}},{"fullName":"El-Saadony MT","firstName":"Mohammed T","lastName":"El-Saadony","initials":"MT","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt."}]}},{"fullName":"AbuQamar SF","firstName":"Synan F","lastName":"AbuQamar","initials":"SF","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates."}]}},{"fullName":"El-Tarabily KA","firstName":"Khaled A","lastName":"El-Tarabily","initials":"KA","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8723-9097"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"17","journalIssueId":4112080,"dateOfPublication":"2026 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-01-01","journal":{"title":"Frontiers in plant science","medlineAbbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","essn":"1664-462X","issn":"1664-462X","isoabbreviation":"Front Plant Sci","nlmid":"101568200"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1678574","abstractText":"

Introduction

Drought stress severely constrains global crop production, limiting growth, yield, and fruit quality. This study evaluated the efficacy of foliar-applied melatonin (MT) in enhancing drought tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by modulating physiological and biochemical responses.

Methods

A two-season field experiment employed a split-plot design with three replications, testing two irrigation regimes [full irrigation (FI; 100% crop evapotranspiration, ETc) and deficit irrigation (DI; 60% ETc)], combined with five foliar MT concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 µM) applied as foliar sprays.

Results

DI alone significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced plant height (26.9%), total yield (44.0%), soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll value (41.7%), and relative water content (RWC; 28.6%) compared to well-watered controls. Exogenous MT at 100 µM significantly (P ≤ 0.05) alleviated these effects under DI, increasing plant height by 32.9%, total yield by 51.8%, SPAD value by 51.1%, and RWC by 31.0% relative to untreated stressed plants. MT application enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and preserved leaf integrity, reflected in reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content. These improvements stemmed from effective reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2 •-) detoxification, accompanied by a significant (P ≤ 0.05) upregulation of enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR)] and accumulation of non-enzymatic osmoprotectants including proline, ascorbate, α-tocopherol, glutathione, and total soluble sugars. The FI + 100 μM MT treatment yielded the highest fruit production (5.31 kg plant-1).

Discussion

These findings establish foliar MT application at 100 μM as an effective biostimulant strategy for sustaining tomato productivity under water-limited conditions, operating through coordinated key physiological and biochemical defense mechanisms. This approach offers a practical pathway toward more resilient crop production in water-scarce environments.","affiliation":"Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Water relations","Drought stress","Antioxidant enzymes","Osmoprotectants","Water scarcity","Deficit irrigation","Solanum Lycopersicum","Biostimulants"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1678574"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13222809"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13222809?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-06-03","dateOfCreation":"2026-06-03","firstIndexDate":"2026-06-03","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-06-04","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-05-18","firstPublicationDate":"2026-05-18"},{"id":"40941830","source":"MED","pmid":"40941830","pmcid":"PMC12430608","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12430608"]},"doi":"10.3390/plants14172666","title":"Effect of Irrigation on Crop Yield and Nitrogen Loss in Simulated Sloping Land with Shallow Soils.","authorString":"Liu H, Lin C, Yao L, Wang H, Chen S, Yang L.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Liu H","firstName":"Haitao","lastName":"Liu","initials":"H","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3931-7067"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Resources and Environment, Chengdu 610066, China."},{"affiliation":"Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ziyang Experimental Station, Ziyang 641300, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Lin C","firstName":"Chaowen","lastName":"Lin","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Resources and Environment, Chengdu 610066, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Yao L","firstName":"Li","lastName":"Yao","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Resources and Environment, Chengdu 610066, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang H","firstName":"Hong","lastName":"Wang","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Resources and Environment, Chengdu 610066, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Chen S","firstName":"Shanghong","lastName":"Chen","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Resources and Environment, Chengdu 610066, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Yang L","firstName":"Lufang","lastName":"Yang","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Resources and Environment, Chengdu 610066, China."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3931-7067"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"17","volume":"14","journalIssueId":4016411,"dateOfPublication":"2025 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2025,"printPublicationDate":"2025-08-01","journal":{"title":"Plants (Basel, Switzerland)","medlineAbbreviation":"Plants (Basel)","essn":"2223-7747","issn":"2223-7747","isoabbreviation":"Plants (Basel)","nlmid":"101596181"}},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"2666","abstractText":"Seasonal drought and nitrogen loss through runoff are two critical problems in the sloping land with shallow soils in southwest China. Irrigation is an effective way to alleviate drought and increase crop yields. Although irrigation is a proven strategy to mitigate drought stress and enhance yields, increased soil moisture under irrigation may exacerbate water and nitrogen losses. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of irrigation regimes on crop yield, surface runoff, leaching, and nitrogen loss in shallow soil systems. Three experimental treatments were implemented: rainfed control (RF), single irrigation at a flowering stage (SI), and full irrigation (FI). The annual crop yield under SI and FI treatments was 16.4% and 43.5% higher than treatment RF, respectively. The surface runoff in RF was 46.2% and 52.8% higher than the values in SI and FI, respectively. Conversely, the leaching water volume in RF was 13.7% and 13.6% lower than in SI and FI, respectively. The total runoff did not differ significantly, as reduced surface runoff offset elevated leaching. The annual nitrogen loss was 35.4, 30.5, and 22.0 kg N ha-1 in RF, SI, and FI treatments, respectively. Irrigation can significantly decrease the nitrogen loss. Leaching accounted for 96% of the total nitrogen loss. Enhanced crop nitrogen uptake under irrigation reduced total nitrogen concentrations in both soil and leaching water solution, which was the main factor for the decrease in total nitrogen loss under irrigation. These results indicate that in sloping land with shallow soil layers, optimal irrigation scheduling can effectively enhance crop yield without elevating nitrogen leaching risks. The study provides a scientific basis for formulating irrigation strategies in the study region.","affiliation":"Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Resources and Environment, Chengdu 610066, China.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"grantId":"2022zzcx014","agency":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2024YFD1700200","agency":"Sichuan Provincial Finance Independent Innovation Special Project","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2024YFD1700200","agency":"National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Sichuan Innovation Team","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2022zzcx014","agency":"National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Sichuan Innovation Team","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2022zzcx014","agency":"Sichuan Provincial Finance Independent Innovation Special Project","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2024NSFSC0343","agency":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2024NSFSC0343","agency":"National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Sichuan Innovation Team","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2024NSFSC0343","agency":"Sichuan Provincial Finance Independent Innovation Special Project","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2024NSFSC0343","agency":"Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"sccxtd-2024-21","agency":"Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2022zzcx014","agency":"Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"sccxtd-2024-21","agency":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"sccxtd-2024-21","agency":"National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Sichuan Innovation Team","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2024YFD1700200","agency":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2024YFD1700200","agency":"Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"sccxtd-2024-21","agency":"Sichuan Provincial Finance Independent Innovation Special Project","orderIn":0}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Sloping land","Irrigation","Runoff","Crop production","Nitrogen loss"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14172666"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12430608"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12430608?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":1,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2025-09-15","dateOfCreation":"2025-09-13","firstIndexDate":"2025-09-14","fullTextReceivedDate":"2025-12-02","dateOfRevision":"2025-09-16","electronicPublicationDate":"2025-08-26","firstPublicationDate":"2025-08-26"},{"id":"42531615","source":"MED","pmid":"42531615","doi":"10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111570","title":"SiO<sub>2</sub>-based composite nanomaterials outperform single SiO<sub>2</sub>: effects for alleviating drought stress in spring wheat.","authorString":"Bao X, Bai C, Li X, Gao X, Wang S, Zhou B, Li C, Cui F, Fan H, Jing B, Zhao C, Guo C.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Bao X","firstName":"Xiaoyuan","lastName":"Bao","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Seed Industry Research Institute of Gansu Provincial University, Lanzhou, 730070, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Bai C","firstName":"Chengxin","lastName":"Bai","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Li X","firstName":"Xinying","lastName":"Li","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Gao X","firstName":"Xiaoya","lastName":"Gao","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang S","firstName":"Shiji","lastName":"Wang","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhou B","firstName":"Baoyin","lastName":"Zhou","initials":"B","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Li C","firstName":"Can","lastName":"Li","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Cui F","firstName":"Fuyang","lastName":"Cui","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Fan H","firstName":"Hong","lastName":"Fan","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Seed Industry Research Institute of Gansu Provincial University, Lanzhou, 730070, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Jing B","firstName":"Bo","lastName":"Jing","initials":"B","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Seed Industry Research Institute of Gansu Provincial University, Lanzhou, 730070, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhao C","firstName":"Cai","lastName":"Zhao","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Seed Industry Research Institute of Gansu Provincial University, Lanzhou, 730070, China. Electronic address: zhaoc@gsau.edu.cn."}]}},{"fullName":"Guo C","firstName":"Congcong","lastName":"Guo","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Seed Industry Research Institute of Gansu Provincial University, Lanzhou, 730070, China. Electronic address: 14244@gsau.edu.cn."}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"238","journalIssueId":4235135,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jul","monthOfPublication":7,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-07-01","journal":{"title":"Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB","medlineAbbreviation":"Plant Physiol Biochem","essn":"1873-2690","issn":"0981-9428","isoabbreviation":"Plant Physiol Biochem","nlmid":"9882449"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"111570","abstractText":"Drought stress has become a major obstacle to achieving high and stable yields in spring wheat. Although nanomaterials have been widely studied as a strategy to alleviate drought, the relative effectiveness of different SiO2-based composite nanomaterials and their cultivar-dependent responses remain unclear. To address this issue, this study investigated five nanocomposites (NCs), Fe3O4@SiO2, Fe2O3@SiO2, ZnO@SiO2, MgO@SiO2, and Al2O3@SiO2, were evaluated in two spring wheat cultivars, Ningchun 16 and Dingxi 48, under different concentration gradients. Growth traits, water status, germination characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant-related parameters were measured to determine the optimal application concentrations and elucidate the underlying physiological responses. The results confirmed the successful construction of core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 NCs and identified the optimal concentrations as 75 mg L-1 Fe3O4@SiO2, 25 mg L-1 Fe2O3@SiO2, ZnO@SiO2, and MgO@SiO2, and 100 mg L-1 Al2O3@SiO2. Among them, Fe3O4@SiO2, MgO@SiO2, and Al2O3@SiO2 exhibited the most stable and pronounced promotive effects. Compared with single nanomaterial treatments, composite treatments significantly improved seedling growth, relative water content, germination performance, and photosynthetic pigment accumulation, while reducing malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activities by 10.7-32.9% and 25.2-79.6%, respectively. In contrast, SiO2 alone did not result in significant improvement, confirming that the incorporation of substances like Fe3O4 was critical for enhancing the drought-alleviating efficacy of SiO2 nanomaterials. Comparison between cultivars showed that Ningchun 16 exhibited a greater degree of recovery than Dingxi 48. Overall, SiO2-based composite nanomaterials, especially Fe3O4@SiO2, MgO@SiO2, and Al2O3@SiO2, can effectively enhance drought tolerance in spring wheat by strengthening the photosynthetic system and antioxidant defense system.","affiliation":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Seed Industry Research Institute of Gansu Provincial University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.","publicationStatus":"aheadofprint","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Spring wheat","Drought stress","Nanocomposites","photosynthetic pigments","antioxidant defense","Cultivar Differences"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription 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Z","firstName":"Zhaosashuang","lastName":"Tian","initials":"Z","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation/College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Fan Z","firstName":"Zilin","lastName":"Fan","initials":"Z","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation/College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Ma Y","firstName":"Yuyi","lastName":"Ma","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation/College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Sun X","firstName":"Xin","lastName":"Sun","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation/College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Lu X","firstName":"Xu","lastName":"Lu","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation/College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Hong X","firstName":"Xinxin","lastName":"Hong","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Fisheries, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Liu H","firstName":"Hao","lastName":"Liu","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation/College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China. liuhao_1990@126.com."}]}},{"fullName":"Cui F","firstName":"Fa","lastName":"Cui","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation/College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China. sdaucf@126.com."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhao Y","firstName":"Yanhong","lastName":"Zhao","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation/College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China. zyhbob@163.com."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics"]},"journalInfo":{"journalIssueId":4204954,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jun","monthOfPublication":6,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-06-01","journal":{"title":"BMC genomics","medlineAbbreviation":"BMC Genomics","essn":"1471-2164","issn":"1471-2164","isoabbreviation":"BMC Genomics","nlmid":"100965258"}},"pubYear":"2026","abstractText":"

Background

HB-PHD transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development as well as stress response. However, comprehensive analysis of HB-PHD genes was not investigated in wheat.

Results

In this study, a total of nine TaHB-PHD genes were identified in wheat at the genome-wide level, and their physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, gene structures, cis-acting elements, expression patterns, downstream genes, and drought-resistant superior haplotypes were systematically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HB-PHD proteins were divided into five subfamilies, and TaHB-PHD genes belonged to subfamilies Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅴ. The gene structures and conserved motifs of members in the same subfamily were highly conserved. Tissue expression analysis revealed that TaHB-PHD genes had the highest expression levels in roots and the lowest in leaves. Under drought stress, the cultivar-specific expression pattern was observed, all TaHB-PHD genes were down-regulated in drought-tolerant cultivar Giza168, and up-regulated in Chinese Spring and drought-sensitive cultivar Gemmiza10. Under salt stress, TaHB-PHD1-A/B/D and TaHB-PHD3-A/B/D were up-regulated, while the expression of TaHB-PHD2-A/B/D showed no obvious change. Prediction of downstream genes found that TaHB-PHDs could regulate various genes such as ribosomal RNA methyltransferase and histone acetyltransferase to participate in stress responses. Haplotype analysis indicated that TaHB-PHD3-D-Hap I was a drought-resistant superior haplotype.

Conclusions

This study provides a theoretical basis and candidate genes for the functional verification of wheat TaHB-PHD genes and stress-resistant molecular breeding.","affiliation":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for High-Yield and Stress-Resistant Crops and Efficient Cultivation/College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China.","publicationStatus":"aheadofprint","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"grantId":"20230119","agency":"Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"32272159","agency":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"2024LZGCQY012","agency":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","orderIn":0},{"grantId":"ZR2025QC235","agency":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","orderIn":0}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Wheat","Expression patterns","Drought-resistant Haplotype","Hb-phd"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-026-13051-9"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-06-11","firstIndexDate":"2026-06-11","dateOfRevision":"2026-06-11","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-06-10","firstPublicationDate":"2026-06-10"},{"id":"41734170","source":"MED","pmid":"41734170","pmcid":"PMC12931787","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12931787"]},"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0342914","title":"Exploring the potential of foliar phytohormone application for mitigating water deficit in wheat cropping systems under arid soils.","authorString":"Abdelrhman AA, Fadl ME, Rebouh NY, Hefzy M, AbdElgalil MAS.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Abdelrhman AA","firstName":"Ahmed A","lastName":"Abdelrhman","initials":"AA","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7243-7338"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt."}]}},{"fullName":"Fadl ME","firstName":"Mohamed E","lastName":"Fadl","initials":"ME","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3600-8237"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Scientific Training and Continuous Studies, National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt."}]}},{"fullName":"Rebouh NY","firstName":"Nazih Y","lastName":"Rebouh","initials":"NY","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8621-6595"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia."}]}},{"fullName":"Hefzy M","firstName":"Mohamed","lastName":"Hefzy","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Water Requirement and Field Irrigation Research Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt."}]}},{"fullName":"AbdElgalil MAS","firstName":"Mostafa A S","lastName":"AbdElgalil","initials":"MAS","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Central Laboratory of Organic Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3600-8237"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7243-7338"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8621-6595"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"2","volume":"21","journalIssueId":4112576,"dateOfPublication":"2026 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-01-01","journal":{"title":"PloS one","medlineAbbreviation":"PLoS One","essn":"1932-6203","issn":"1932-6203","isoabbreviation":"PLoS One","nlmid":"101285081"}},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"e0342914","abstractText":"In arid regions, water scarcity prompts the overuse of chemical growth regulators, posing ecological and health risks. This study investigates foliar application of microbial phytohormones as a sustainable alternative to mitigate the water deficit's negative impact on wheat growth and enhance crop productivity. Field experiments over two seasons evaluated the impact of microbial phytohormones microbial gibberellic acid (MGA3) and microbial ascorbic acid (MASA) on wheat yield and water productivity under three deficit irrigation levels: 100%, 80%, and 60% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The treatments significantly influenced growth, grain yield, and associated characteristics. Deficit irrigation adversely affected wheat growth and yield. However, MGA3 and MASA foliar treatments significantly improved plant height, flag leaf area and yield components under water stress. The highest grain yield (4.27 t ha ⁻ ¹) was achieved with 100% ETc + MGA3, while the highest irrigation water productivity (IWP, 1.16 kg m ⁻ ³) was recorded with 60% ETc + MGA3. Redundancy analysis confirmed MGA3's superiority over MASA and control (CK) in enhancing grain yield and crop water productivity (CWP), which were strongly correlated with biological yield and seed index. This study concludes that microbial phytohormones, particularly MGA3, are effective agronomic tools for sustaining wheat productivity in water-scarce arid environments.","affiliation":"Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"grantId":"RUDN University (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia) Strategic Academic Leadership Program","agency":"RUDN University","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Triticum","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug effects","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"GD","qualifierName":"growth & development","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Plant Leaves","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug effects","majorTopic_YN":"N"},{"abbreviation":"GD","qualifierName":"growth & development","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Water","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Ascorbic Acid","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"PD","qualifierName":"pharmacology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Gibberellins","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"PD","qualifierName":"pharmacology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Plant Growth Regulators","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"PD","qualifierName":"pharmacology","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Soil","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"CH","qualifierName":"chemistry","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Agriculture","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods","majorTopic_YN":"N"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Agricultural Irrigation"}]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Gibberellins","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"Plant Growth Regulators","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"Soil","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"gibberellic acid","registryNumber":"BU0A7MWB6L"},{"name":"Water","registryNumber":"059QF0KO0R"},{"name":"Ascorbic Acid","registryNumber":"PQ6CK8PD0R"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342914"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12931787"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12931787?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"Y","hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["gen","doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-07-08","dateOfCreation":"2026-02-24","firstIndexDate":"2026-02-25","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-02-25","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-02-24","firstPublicationDate":"2026-02-24"},{"id":"PMC12986893","source":"PMC","pmcid":"PMC12986893","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12986893"]},"title":"Chitosan and Microalgae Nanoparticles: Synergistic Role in Enhancing Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat Seedlings","authorString":"Gholizadeh F, Silva A, Samuel A, Molnár Z, Janda T.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Gholizadeh F","firstName":"Fatemeh","lastName":"Gholizadeh","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary"}]}},{"fullName":"Silva A","firstName":"Agampodi Gihan S. 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De","lastName":"Silva","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plant Sciences, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyarovar, Hungary"}]}},{"fullName":"Samuel A","firstName":"Asish","lastName":"Samuel","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plant Sciences, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyarovar, Hungary"}]}},{"fullName":"Molnár Z","firstName":"Zoltán","lastName":"Molnár","initials":"Z","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plant Sciences, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyarovar, Hungary"}]}},{"fullName":"Janda T","firstName":"Tibor","lastName":"Janda","initials":"T","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary"}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"5","volume":"15","journalIssueId":4149975,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Mar","monthOfPublication":3,"yearOfPublication":2026,"printPublicationDate":"2026-03-01","journal":{"title":"Plants (Basel, Switzerland)","medlineAbbreviation":"Plants (Basel)","essn":"2223-7747","issn":"2223-7747","isoabbreviation":"Plants (Basel)","nlmid":"101596181"}},"pubYear":"2026","language":"eng","pubModel":"Undetermined","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"grantId":"TKP2021-NKTA-06","agency":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology from the National Research Development and Innovation Fund","orderIn":0}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Wheat","Seed germination","Chitosan","Drought stress","Gene Expression","Microalgae Biostimulants"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"html","site":"PubMedCentral","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12986893/?tool=EBI"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"PubMedCentral","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12986893/pdf/?tool=EBI"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12986893"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12986893?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasData":"N","hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","license":"cc by","hasEvaluations":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-03-14","firstIndexDate":"2026-03-14","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-03-14","dateOfRevision":"2026-03-14","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-03-01","firstPublicationDate":"2026-03-01"}]}}