{ "query": "barley AND (yield OR production) AND (nitrogen OR drought OR irrigation)", "endpoint": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=barley+AND+%28yield+OR+production%29+AND+%28nitrogen+OR+drought+OR+irrigation%29&resultType=core&pageSize=10&format=json", "payload": { "version": "6.9", "hitCount": 34944, "nextCursorMark": "AoIIQOO0/ig1NDAxMTY3NA==", "nextPageUrl": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=barley AND (yield OR production) AND (nitrogen OR drought OR irrigation)&cursorMark=AoIIQOO0/ig1NDAxMTY3NA==&resultType=core&pageSize=10&format=json", "request": { "queryString": "barley AND (yield OR production) AND (nitrogen OR drought OR irrigation)", "resultType": "core", "cursorMark": "*", "pageSize": 10, "sort": "", "synonym": false }, "resultList": { "result": [ { "id": "42280750", "source": "MED", "pmid": "42280750", "pmcid": "PMC13259025", "fullTextIdList": { "fullTextId": [ "PMC13259025" ] }, "doi": "10.3390/plants15111714", "title": "Reframing Partial Root-Zone Irrigation: A Spatial Stress-Priming Mechanism for Crop Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses.", "authorString": "Liu J, Haider FU, Liu Y, Zhang P, Liu T, Li X, Li S.", "authorList": { "author": [ { "fullName": "Liu J", "firstName": "Junjie", "lastName": "Liu", "initials": "J", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Haider FU", "firstName": "Fasih Ullah", "lastName": "Haider", "initials": "FU", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-2523-8803" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Liu Y", "firstName": "Yujia", "lastName": "Liu", "initials": "Y", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Zhang P", "firstName": "Peng", "lastName": "Zhang", "initials": "P", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-7359-0684" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Liu T", "firstName": "Tianhao", "lastName": "Liu", "initials": "T", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Li X", "firstName": "Xiangnan", "lastName": "Li", "initials": "X", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-0417-9151" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Li S", "firstName": "Sien", "lastName": "Li", "initials": "S", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China." }, { "affiliation": "National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province, Wuwei 733009, China." } ] } } ] }, "authorIdList": { "authorId": [ { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-2523-8803" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-7359-0684" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-0417-9151" } ] }, "dataLinksTagsList": { "dataLinkstag": [ "supporting_data" ] }, "journalInfo": { "issue": "11", "volume": "15", "journalIssueId": 4215261, "dateOfPublication": "2026 Jun", "monthOfPublication": 6, "yearOfPublication": 2026, "printPublicationDate": "2026-06-01", "journal": { "title": "Plants (Basel, Switzerland)", "medlineAbbreviation": "Plants (Basel)", "essn": "2223-7747", "issn": "2223-7747", "isoabbreviation": "Plants (Basel)", "nlmid": "101596181" } }, "pubYear": "2026", "pageInfo": "1714", "abstractText": "Abiotic stresses limit crop productivity by disrupting water relations, carbon assimilation, nutrient acquisition, membrane stability, and redox homeostasis. Partial root-zone irrigation (PRI), commonly implemented as partial root-zone drying (PRD), is often viewed as a deficit-irrigation strategy to improve water-use efficiency; however, this view underestimates the biological consequences of spatial root-zone heterogeneity. This review evaluates PRI as a spatially structured, priming-like framework for crop adaptation to abiotic stress. Available evidence indicates that localized drying and wet-side water uptake can coordinate root sensing, hydraulic-chemical signaling, abscisic acid delivery, hormone crosstalk, xylem-mediated regulation, and stomatal control. Beyond gas exchange, PRI is associated with photosynthetic maintenance, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant and redox regulation, root architectural plasticity, nutrient acquisition, and metabolic reprogramming. Evidence is strongest for drought, whereas responses to low temperature, salinity, heat-associated evaporative demand, and combined stresses remain more context-dependent. Emerging work also links PRI to rhizosphere restructuring and microbiome shifts, but the causal mechanisms and field reproducibility remain unresolved. We argue that future progress requires matched PRI-deficit-irrigation comparisons, standardized switching thresholds, shared physiological and molecular readouts across crops, high-resolution root biology, and commercially realistic field validation. This framing distinguishes conserved physiological outcomes from mechanisms that may differ among crops, genotypes, and irrigation designs.", "affiliation": "Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.", "publicationStatus": "epublish", "language": "eng", "pubModel": "Electronic", "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "review-article", "Review", "Journal Article" ] }, "grantsList": { "grant": [ { "grantId": "20240101010JJ", "agency": "Jilin Province Science and Technology Department", "orderIn": 0 }, { "grantId": "2024YFD1501500", "agency": "The National Key R&D Program of China", "orderIn": 0 } ] }, "keywordList": { "keyword": [ "Redox Homeostasis", "Stress Acclimation", "Root-to-shoot Signaling", "Rhizosphere Microbiome", "Root-zone Heterogeneity" ] }, "fullTextUrlList": { "fullTextUrl": [ { "availability": "Subscription required", "availabilityCode": "S", "documentStyle": "doi", "site": "DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15111714" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "html", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13259025" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "pdf", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13259025?pdf=render" } ] }, "isOpenAccess": "Y", "inEPMC": "Y", "inPMC": "Y", "hasPDF": "Y", "hasBook": "N", "hasSuppl": "N", "citedByCount": 0, "hasData": "Y", "hasReferences": "Y", "hasTextMinedTerms": "Y", "hasDbCrossReferences": "N", "hasLabsLinks": "N", "license": "cc by", "hasEvaluations": "N", "authMan": "N", "epmcAuthMan": "N", "nihAuthMan": "N", "hasTMAccessionNumbers": "Y", "tmAccessionTypeList": { "accessionType": [ "doi" ] }, "dateOfCompletion": "2026-06-12", "dateOfCreation": "2026-06-12", "firstIndexDate": "2026-06-13", "fullTextReceivedDate": "2026-06-13", "dateOfRevision": "2026-08-13", "electronicPublicationDate": "2026-06-01", "firstPublicationDate": "2026-06-01" }, { "id": "PPR1295862", "source": "PPR", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-10553881/v1", "title": "Utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 for Enhancing Drought Tolerance and Yield in Barley in Jordan", "authorString": "Hadidi AA.", "authorList": { "author": [ { "fullName": "Hadidi AA", "firstName": "Ahmad Al", "lastName": "Hadidi", "initials": "AA" } ] }, "pubYear": "2026", "abstractText": "Abstract

Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) remains a key crop in Jordan, where water scarcity and recurrent drought continue to limit agricultural productivity. In this study, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing was used to modify three genes associated with drought response—DREB2A, NAC1, and ERA1—in two locally adapted cultivars, Rum and Mutah. The aim was to enhance drought tolerance without compromising yield under typical field conditions. Field trials were carried out at two contrasting sites, Irbid (semi-arid) and Ma’an (arid), during the 2023–2024 growing season. Under reduced irrigation (50% field capacity), the edited lines consistently outperformed the controls, with grain yield increases ranging from 15% to 20% and improvements in water-use efficiency of up to 19%. No yield penalty was observed under well-watered conditions. In addition, edited plants maintained higher leaf water status, exhibited lower stomatal conductance, and showed greater chlorophyll stability under stress. Taken together, these results indicate that targeted genome editing can provide a practical and efficient strategy for improving drought resilience in barley. The findings are directly relevant to dryland farming systems in Jordan and other water-limited environments.

", "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "Preprint" ] }, "bookOrReportDetails": { "publisher": "Research Square", "yearOfPublication": 2026 }, "fullTextUrlList": { "fullTextUrl": [ { "availability": "Free", "availabilityCode": "F", "documentStyle": "doi", "site": "DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10553881/v1" } ] }, "isOpenAccess": "N", "inEPMC": "N", "inPMC": "N", "hasPDF": "N", "hasBook": "N", "hasSuppl": "N", "citedByCount": 0, "hasData": "N", "hasReferences": "N", "hasTextMinedTerms": "N", "hasDbCrossReferences": "N", "hasLabsLinks": "N", "versionList": { "version": [ { "id": "PPR1295862", "source": "PPR", "firstPublishDate": "2026-08-11", "versionNumber": 1, "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "preprint" ] }, "hasEvaluations": "N" } ] }, "versionNumber": 1, "hasEvaluations": "N", "authMan": "N", "epmcAuthMan": "N", "nihAuthMan": "N", "hasTMAccessionNumbers": "N", "dateOfCreation": "2026-08-12", "firstIndexDate": "2026-08-12", "firstPublicationDate": "2026-08-11" }, { "id": "42221890", "source": "MED", "pmid": "42221890", "pmcid": "PMC13220282", "fullTextIdList": { "fullTextId": [ "PMC13220282" ] }, "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1826562", "title": "Toward water-smart cereal production: a narrative review of agronomic, genetic, and digital innovations for water productivity and climate resilience.", "authorString": "Sellami MH, Abi Saab MT, Albrizio R.", "authorList": { "author": [ { "fullName": "Sellami MH", "firstName": "Mohamed Houssemeddine", "lastName": "Sellami", "initials": "MH", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-7753-5703" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems (ISAFOM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Abi Saab MT", "firstName": "Marie Therese", "lastName": "Abi Saab", "initials": "MT", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Climate and Water Unit, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar, Lebanon." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Albrizio R", "firstName": "Rossella", "lastName": "Albrizio", "initials": "R", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-9445-5967" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems (ISAFOM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy." } ] } } ] }, "authorIdList": { "authorId": [ { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-7753-5703" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-9445-5967" } ] }, "dataLinksTagsList": { "dataLinkstag": [ "altmetrics", "supporting_data" ] }, "journalInfo": { "volume": "17", "journalIssueId": 4112080, "dateOfPublication": "2026 ", "monthOfPublication": 0, "yearOfPublication": 2026, "printPublicationDate": "2026-01-01", "journal": { "title": "Frontiers in plant science", "medlineAbbreviation": "Front Plant Sci", "essn": "1664-462X", "issn": "1664-462X", "isoabbreviation": "Front Plant Sci", "nlmid": "101568200" } }, "pubYear": "2026", "pageInfo": "1826562", "abstractText": "Cereal crops consume more freshwater than any other category of agricultural production, yet no recent review has quantitatively integrated agronomic, genetic, and digital water-smart innovations across the seven cereals most relevant to global food security: wheat (Triticum spp.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R.Br.), and finger millet (Eleusine coracana [L.] Gaertn.). This narrative review addresses that gap by synthesizing 110 studies - retrieved through a PRISMA-inspired selection workflow and appraised on a four-dimensional quality rubric - across five intervention domains: deficit irrigation, soil-moisture conservation, drought-resilient varieties, precision agriculture and digital irrigation, and integrated water management. Quantitative pooled findings indicate that mild alternate wetting and drying in rice reduces irrigation water by ~23% with negligible yield penalty, whereas severe drying incurs a ~23% yield loss; deficit irrigation in wheat improves water productivity by ~7% but reduces yield by ~16%; and straw mulching raises cereal yields by 13-22% (pooled). IoT-based scheduling delivers meaningful but heterogeneous irrigation-water savings relative to calendar-based practice, although the cereal-specific evidence base remains thin relative to horticultural applications. The review's principal contribution is the Genetics × Agronomy × Digital (G×A×D) integration framework, which maps these three intervention families onto the soil-plant-atmosphere-institution continuum and makes their combinatorial opportunities and institutional prerequisites explicit. The central critical conclusion is that the binding constraint on water-smart cereal production has shifted from the technical feasibility of individual interventions to the institutional, financial, and governance capacity required to combine them equitably, particularly in smallholder systems. Evidence for finger millet and for rainfed smallholder systems in sub-Saharan Africa remains notably thin and represents a priority gap.", "affiliation": "Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems (ISAFOM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy.", "publicationStatus": "epublish", "language": "eng", "pubModel": "Electronic-eCollection", "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "review-article", "Review", "Journal Article" ] }, "keywordList": { "keyword": [ "Deficit irrigation", "Conservation Agriculture", "Alternate Wetting And Drying", "Digital Irrigation", "Drought-resilient Varieties", "Genetics × Agronomy × Digital Framework" ] }, "fullTextUrlList": { "fullTextUrl": [ { "availability": "Subscription required", "availabilityCode": "S", "documentStyle": "doi", "site": "DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1826562" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "html", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13220282" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "pdf", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13220282?pdf=render" } ] }, "isOpenAccess": "Y", "inEPMC": "Y", "inPMC": "Y", "hasPDF": "Y", "hasBook": "N", "hasSuppl": "Y", "citedByCount": 0, "hasData": "Y", "hasReferences": "Y", "hasTextMinedTerms": "Y", "hasDbCrossReferences": "N", "hasLabsLinks": "Y", "license": "cc by", "hasEvaluations": "N", "authMan": "N", "epmcAuthMan": "N", "nihAuthMan": "N", "hasTMAccessionNumbers": "Y", "tmAccessionTypeList": { "accessionType": [ "doi" ] }, "dateOfCompletion": "2026-06-01", "dateOfCreation": "2026-06-01", "firstIndexDate": "2026-06-02", "fullTextReceivedDate": "2026-06-02", "dateOfRevision": "2026-08-13", "electronicPublicationDate": "2026-05-15", "firstPublicationDate": "2026-05-15" }, { "id": "42357222", "source": "MED", "pmid": "42357222", "pmcid": "PMC13306323", "fullTextIdList": { "fullTextId": [ "PMC13306323" ] }, "doi": "10.3390/plants15121903", "title": "PGPR Improves Barley Performance Under Saline Irrigation: Agronomic, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Evidence from a Two-Season Field Study.", "authorString": "Abdelrady WA, Xu J, Hao L, Li Y, Elshawy EE, Abdel-Azeem AM, El-Wakeel SE, Alagamy HHM, Mostfa EEI, Omara AE, Eryan NL, Aboulila AA, Zhao C, Zeng F.", "authorList": { "author": [ { "fullName": "Abdelrady WA", "firstName": "Wessam A", "lastName": "Abdelrady", "initials": "WA", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China." }, { "affiliation": "Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Qena University, Qena 83523, Egypt." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Xu J", "firstName": "Jiasheng", "lastName": "Xu", "initials": "J", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Hao L", "firstName": "Li", "lastName": "Hao", "initials": "L", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Li Y", "firstName": "Yuqi", "lastName": "Li", "initials": "Y", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Elshawy EE", "firstName": "Elsayed E", "lastName": "Elshawy", "initials": "EE", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-0456-3068" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Barley Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 El-Gamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Abdel-Azeem AM", "firstName": "Ashgan M", "lastName": "Abdel-Azeem", "initials": "AM", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0009-0000-1131-2390" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Barley Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 El-Gamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt." } ] } }, { "fullName": "El-Wakeel SE", "firstName": "Sally E", "lastName": "El-Wakeel", "initials": "SE", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Barley Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 El-Gamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Alagamy HHM", "firstName": "Heba H M", "lastName": "Alagamy", "initials": "HHM", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Seed Technology Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 El-Gamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Mostfa EEI", "firstName": "El-Shimaa E I", "lastName": "Mostfa", "initials": "EEI", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Seed Technology Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 El-Gamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Omara AE", "firstName": "Alaa El-Dein", "lastName": "Omara", "initials": "AE", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-5622-7501" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water, and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 El-Gamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Eryan NL", "firstName": "Nevein L", "lastName": "Eryan", "initials": "NL", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Physiological Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 El-Gamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Aboulila AA", "firstName": "Aziza A", "lastName": "Aboulila", "initials": "AA", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Zhao C", "firstName": "Chenchen", "lastName": "Zhao", "initials": "C", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-8586-6206" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Zeng F", "firstName": "Fanrong", "lastName": "Zeng", "initials": "F", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-7742-5195" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China." } ] } } ] }, "authorIdList": { "authorId": [ { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-5622-7501" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-7742-5195" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-8586-6206" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-0456-3068" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0009-0000-1131-2390" } ] }, "dataLinksTagsList": { "dataLinkstag": [ "supporting_data" ] }, "journalInfo": { "issue": "12", "volume": "15", "journalIssueId": 4222016, "dateOfPublication": "2026 Jun", "monthOfPublication": 6, "yearOfPublication": 2026, "printPublicationDate": "2026-06-01", "journal": { "title": "Plants (Basel, Switzerland)", "medlineAbbreviation": "Plants (Basel)", "essn": "2223-7747", "issn": "2223-7747", "isoabbreviation": "Plants (Basel)", "nlmid": "101596181" } }, "pubYear": "2026", "pageInfo": "1903", "abstractText": "Saline irrigation is a major constraint to crop production in newly reclaimed desert lands, even when pre-sowing soil salinity is low. This two-season field study evaluated whether plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria could improve barley performance under saline irrigation water with an electrical conductivity of 11.8 dS m-1 in the El Moghra region, Egypt. The barley cultivar Giza 2000 was grown under five inoculation treatments: an uninoculated saline-irrigated control; a single inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum; and combined inoculations with A. lipoferum and Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus circulans, or Enterobacter cloacae. Because freshwater was unavailable at the experimental site, treatment effects were evaluated relative to the saline-irrigated control. Across both growing seasons, single inoculation with A. lipoferum produced the most consistent improvements in growth, yield formation, nutrient accumulation, soil biological activity, and seed nutritional quality. The combined treatment of A. lipoferum and B. circulans was generally the second-most effective. Bacterial inoculation also improved adjustment to physiological stress, as indicated by greater proline accumulation, lower antioxidant enzyme activities, and enhanced expression of stress-related genes associated with proline biosynthesis and secondary metabolism. Overall, the results indicate that A. lipoferum applied alone was more effective than the tested combinations of bacteria under saline irrigation. These findings provide field-based evidence that inoculant performance depends on strain composition and that single-strain inoculation can be a promising strategy for improving barley production in reclaimed sandy soils irrigated with saline water.", "affiliation": "MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China.", "publicationStatus": "epublish", "language": "eng", "pubModel": "Electronic", "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "research-article", "Journal Article" ] }, "grantsList": { "grant": [ { "grantId": "32061143044", "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "orderIn": 0 } ] }, "keywordList": { "keyword": [ "Proline", "Antioxidant enzymes", "Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria", "Gene Expression", "Saline Irrigation", "Azospirillum Lipoferum" ] }, "fullTextUrlList": { "fullTextUrl": [ { "availability": "Subscription required", "availabilityCode": "S", "documentStyle": "doi", "site": "DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15121903" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "html", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13306323" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "pdf", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13306323?pdf=render" } ] }, "isOpenAccess": "Y", "inEPMC": "Y", "inPMC": "Y", "hasPDF": "Y", "hasBook": "N", "hasSuppl": "Y", "citedByCount": 0, "hasData": "Y", "hasReferences": "Y", "hasTextMinedTerms": "Y", "hasDbCrossReferences": "N", "hasLabsLinks": "N", "license": "cc by", "hasEvaluations": "N", "authMan": "N", "epmcAuthMan": "N", "nihAuthMan": "N", "hasTMAccessionNumbers": "Y", "tmAccessionTypeList": { "accessionType": [ "doi" ] }, "dateOfCompletion": "2026-06-26", "dateOfCreation": "2026-06-26", "firstIndexDate": "2026-06-27", "fullTextReceivedDate": "2026-08-07", "dateOfRevision": "2026-08-13", "electronicPublicationDate": "2026-06-19", "firstPublicationDate": "2026-06-19" }, { "id": "41329249", "source": "MED", "pmid": "41329249", "pmcid": "PMC13016997", "fullTextIdList": { "fullTextId": [ "PMC13016997" ] }, "doi": "10.1093/jxb/eraf531", "title": "The grain protein yield of barley under future drought is modified by the joint action of elevated CO2 and temperature.", "authorString": "Yoldi-Achalandabaso A, Miranda-Apodaca J, Gutiérrez-Fernández I, de la Peña M, Pérez-López U, Muñóz-Rueda A.", "authorList": { "author": [ { "fullName": "Yoldi-Achalandabaso A", "firstName": "Ander", "lastName": "Yoldi-Achalandabaso", "initials": "A", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-9645-4247" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Fisioklima-AgroSosT Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Miranda-Apodaca J", "firstName": "Jon", "lastName": "Miranda-Apodaca", "initials": "J", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-6488-9572" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Fisioklima-AgroSosT Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Gutiérrez-Fernández I", "firstName": "Ismael", "lastName": "Gutiérrez-Fernández", "initials": "I", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-0550-4027" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Fisioklima-AgroSosT Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain." }, { "affiliation": "Department of Abiotic Stress, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain." } ] } }, { "fullName": "de la Peña M", "firstName": "Marlon", "lastName": "de la Peña", "initials": "M", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-5711-4215" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Sugarcane Research Center of Colombia, CENICAÑA, Colombia." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Pérez-López U", "firstName": "Usue", "lastName": "Pérez-López", "initials": "U", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-9081-7652" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Fisioklima-AgroSosT Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Muñóz-Rueda A", "firstName": "Alberto", "lastName": "Muñóz-Rueda", "initials": "A", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Fisioklima-AgroSosT Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain." } ] } } ] }, "authorIdList": { "authorId": [ { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-6488-9572" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-9081-7652" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-0550-4027" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-5711-4215" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-9645-4247" } ] }, "dataLinksTagsList": { "dataLinkstag": [ "altmetrics" ] }, "journalInfo": { "issue": "6", "volume": "77", "journalIssueId": 4151844, "dateOfPublication": "2026 Mar", "monthOfPublication": 3, "yearOfPublication": 2026, "printPublicationDate": "2026-03-01", "journal": { "title": "Journal of experimental botany", "medlineAbbreviation": "J Exp Bot", "essn": "1460-2431", "issn": "0022-0957", "isoabbreviation": "J Exp Bot", "nlmid": "9882906" } }, "pubYear": "2026", "pageInfo": "1807-1826", "abstractText": "Nitrogen is the pivotal macronutrient for grain protein synthesis, which is important in human nutrition and the establishment of derived products. However, nitrogen metabolism in plants is likely to be susceptible to abiotic factors such as those derived from climate change: drought, elevated [CO2], and temperature. How the triple interaction of these factors will affect nitrogen metabolism and grain quality of cereals is unknown. This study aimed to determine the response of nitrogen metabolism in barley-one of the temperate cereals most tolerant to abiotic stresses-to the triple interaction during its whole life span. Our results pointed out a growth stage-dependent response on final nitrogen status. At the vegetative stage, the nitrogen assimilation capacity was boosted and matched with the biomass gain without altering the nitrogen status. However, at the anthesis and maturity stages, the nitrogen status of plants and grains was reduced. A non-overlapping effect of biomass dilution and lower mass flow is highlighted, while lower photorespiration activity cannot be completely ruled out. The elevated [CO2] is the main driver regulating nitrogen metabolism at the physiological level under future drought conditions, whereas elevated temperature hampers grain formation.", "affiliation": "Fisioklima-AgroSosT Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.", "publicationStatus": "ppublish", "language": "eng", "pubModel": "Print", "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "research-article", "Journal Article" ] }, "grantsList": { "grant": [ { "grantId": "IT1682-22", "agency": "Basque Government", "orderIn": 0 }, { "grantId": "GRUPO IT1022-16", "agency": "Basque Government", "orderIn": 0 } ] }, "meshHeadingList": { "meshHeading": [ { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Hordeum", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "GD", "qualifierName": "growth & development", "majorTopic_YN": "N" }, { "abbreviation": "ME", "qualifierName": "metabolism", "majorTopic_YN": "N" }, { "abbreviation": "PH", "qualifierName": "physiology", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Carbon Dioxide", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "ME", "qualifierName": "metabolism", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Nitrogen", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "ME", "qualifierName": "metabolism", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Plant Proteins", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "ME", "qualifierName": "metabolism", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Biomass" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Temperature" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Droughts" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Climate Change" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Edible Grain", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "ME", "qualifierName": "metabolism", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Grain Proteins", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "ME", "qualifierName": "metabolism", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } } ] }, "keywordList": { "keyword": [ "Photorespiration", "Grain protein", "Drought", "N metabolism", "N uptake", "Sink strength", "elevated temperature", "Elevated [Co2]", "N Status", "C Metabolism" ] }, "chemicalList": { "chemical": [ { "name": "Plant Proteins", "registryNumber": "0" }, { "name": "Carbon Dioxide", "registryNumber": "142M471B3J" }, { "name": "Nitrogen", "registryNumber": "N762921K75" }, { "name": "Grain Proteins", "registryNumber": "0" } ] }, "subsetList": { "subset": [ { "code": "IM", "name": "Index Medicus" } ] }, "fullTextUrlList": { "fullTextUrl": [ { "availability": "Subscription required", "availabilityCode": "S", "documentStyle": "doi", "site": "DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf531" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "html", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13016997" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "pdf", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13016997?pdf=render" } ] }, "isOpenAccess": "Y", "inEPMC": "Y", "inPMC": "Y", "hasPDF": "Y", "hasBook": "N", "hasSuppl": "Y", "citedByCount": 1, "hasData": "Y", "hasReferences": "Y", "hasTextMinedTerms": "Y", "hasDbCrossReferences": "N", "hasLabsLinks": "Y", "license": "cc by", "hasEvaluations": "N", "authMan": "N", "epmcAuthMan": "N", "nihAuthMan": "N", "hasTMAccessionNumbers": "N", "dateOfCompletion": "2026-03-17", "dateOfCreation": "2025-12-02", "firstIndexDate": "2025-12-03", "fullTextReceivedDate": "2026-03-28", "dateOfRevision": "2026-08-13", "firstPublicationDate": "2026-03-01" }, { "id": "41974806", "source": "MED", "pmid": "41974806", "pmcid": "PMC13234129", "fullTextIdList": { "fullTextId": [ "PMC13234129" ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-48712-y", "title": "Inoculation of Priestia megaterium confers drought tolerance to garden pea (Pisum sativum).", "authorString": "Khati P, Mishra PK, Santhiya S, Meena RP, Kant L.", "authorList": { "author": [ { "fullName": "Khati P", "firstName": "Priyanka", "lastName": "Khati", "initials": "P", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-2606-0354" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "ICAR Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India. priyankakhati712@gmail.com." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Mishra PK", "firstName": "Pankaj Kumar", "lastName": "Mishra", "initials": "PK", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "ICAR Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Santhiya S", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Santhiya", "initials": "S", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "ICAR Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Meena RP", "firstName": "Rajendra Prasad", "lastName": "Meena", "initials": "RP", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "ICAR Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Kant L", "firstName": "Lakshmi", "lastName": "Kant", "initials": "L", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "ICAR Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India." } ] } } ] }, "authorIdList": { "authorId": [ { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-2606-0354" }, { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0009-0003-9358-0269" } ] }, "dataLinksTagsList": { "dataLinkstag": [ "supporting_data" ] }, "journalInfo": { "issue": "1", "volume": "16", "journalIssueId": 4168316, "dateOfPublication": "2026 Apr", "monthOfPublication": 4, "yearOfPublication": 2026, "printPublicationDate": "2026-04-01", "journal": { "title": "Scientific reports", "medlineAbbreviation": "Sci Rep", "essn": "2045-2322", "issn": "2045-2322", "isoabbreviation": "Sci Rep", "nlmid": "101563288" } }, "pubYear": "2026", "pageInfo": "17191", "abstractText": "A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of six PGP microbial isolates (FM20, FM65, FM19, W22, OF5, and Control) to mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress (40% FC) on pea (Pisum sativum) compared to normal irrigation (80% FC). The results demonstrated that PGP inoculants significantly enhanced physiological, ionic, and yield parameters under both normal and stress conditions consistently outperforming the uninoculated control. Under drought stress, W22 maintained the highest Relative Water Content (88.5%), statistically similar to several normal treatments, indicating superior water balance maintenance. In terms of ionic homeostasis, isolate FM20 was the most superior, achieving a 17.23% reduction in the detrimental Na/K ratio in straw compared to the stressed control and the largest reduction in Na-grain content (− 10.53%), confirming its role as the best absolute Na excluder. Under normal irrigation condition FM65 maximized both seed weight per plant (6.7 g) and 100 seed weight (22.9 g). On the other hand under drought (40% FC) OF5 yielded the highest seed weight per plant (7.3 g) and W22 produced the largest 100 seed weight (8.7 g). Collectively, the results confirm that PGP microbial inoculants, particularly FM65, OF5, and W22, offer a viable, strain-specific strategy to stabilize physiological functions, enhance nutrient utilization, and significantly alleviate drought-induced yield reduction in P. sativum.", "affiliation": "ICAR Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India. priyankakhati712@gmail.com.", "publicationStatus": "epublish", "language": "eng", "pubModel": "Electronic", "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "research-article", "Journal Article" ] }, "meshHeadingList": { "meshHeading": [ { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Water", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "ME", "qualifierName": "metabolism", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Stress, Physiological" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Droughts" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Burkholderiales", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "PH", "qualifierName": "physiology", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Drought Resistance" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Pisum sativum", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "GD", "qualifierName": "growth & development", "majorTopic_YN": "N" }, { "abbreviation": "MI", "qualifierName": "microbiology", "majorTopic_YN": "N" }, { "abbreviation": "PH", "qualifierName": "physiology", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } } ] }, "keywordList": { "keyword": [ "Pisum sativum", "Na/k Ratio", "Drought Stress Mitigation", "Pgp Inoculants", "Relative Water Content Rwc" ] }, "chemicalList": { "chemical": [ { "name": "Water", "registryNumber": "059QF0KO0R" } ] }, "subsetList": { "subset": [ { "code": "IM", "name": "Index Medicus" } ] }, "fullTextUrlList": { "fullTextUrl": [ { "availability": "Subscription required", "availabilityCode": "S", "documentStyle": "doi", "site": "DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-48712-y" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "html", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13234129" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "pdf", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13234129?pdf=render" } ] }, "isOpenAccess": "Y", "inEPMC": "Y", "inPMC": "Y", "hasPDF": "Y", "hasBook": "N", "hasSuppl": "N", "citedByCount": 0, "hasData": "Y", "hasReferences": "Y", "hasTextMinedTerms": "Y", "hasDbCrossReferences": "N", "hasLabsLinks": "N", "license": "cc by", "hasEvaluations": "N", "authMan": "N", "epmcAuthMan": "N", "nihAuthMan": "N", "hasTMAccessionNumbers": "Y", "tmAccessionTypeList": { "accessionType": [ "gen" ] }, "dateOfCompletion": "2026-06-27", "dateOfCreation": "2026-04-13", "firstIndexDate": "2026-04-14", "fullTextReceivedDate": "2026-06-07", "dateOfRevision": "2026-08-13", "electronicPublicationDate": "2026-04-13", "firstPublicationDate": "2026-04-13" }, { "id": "42118782", "source": "MED", "pmid": "42118782", "pmcid": "PMC13166904", "fullTextIdList": { "fullTextId": [ "PMC13166904" ] }, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0332951", "title": "Reduced chemical application with bio-organic fertilizer to improve grain filling characteristics and fertilizer partial productivity of highland barley under irrigation regimes.", "authorString": "Xu Y, Wang X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Huo K, Chang H.", "authorList": { "author": [ { "fullName": "Xu Y", "firstName": "Yinping", "lastName": "Xu", "initials": "Y", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Institute of Industrial Crops and Malting Barley, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Wang X", "firstName": "Xingroong", "lastName": "Wang", "initials": "X", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Institute of Crop, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou , Gansu, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Liu J", "firstName": "Jianhua", "lastName": "Liu", "initials": "J", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Institute of Industrial Crops and Malting Barley, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Zhang Y", "firstName": "Yanjun", "lastName": "Zhang", "initials": "Y", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Institute of Crop, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou , Gansu, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Huo K", "firstName": "Kecang", "lastName": "Huo", "initials": "K", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Institute of Industrial Crops and Malting Barley, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Chang H", "firstName": "Hong", "lastName": "Chang", "initials": "H", "authorId": { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0009-0007-3724-9140" }, "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou , Gansu, China." } ] } } ] }, "authorIdList": { "authorId": [ { "type": "ORCID", "value": "0009-0007-3724-9140" } ] }, "journalInfo": { "issue": "5", "volume": "21", "journalIssueId": 4187484, "dateOfPublication": "2026 ", "monthOfPublication": 0, "yearOfPublication": 2026, "printPublicationDate": "2026-01-01", "journal": { "title": "PloS one", "medlineAbbreviation": "PLoS One", "essn": "1932-6203", "issn": "1932-6203", "isoabbreviation": "PLoS One", "nlmid": "101285081" } }, "pubYear": "2026", "pageInfo": "e0332951", "abstractText": "Reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and simultaneously application of bio-organic fertilizer is regarded as an essential approach for realizing sustainable agricultural development. Substituting partial chemical N with bio-organic fertilizer is an environmentally friendly; reduce the risk of environmental pollution due to N losses. However, the appropriate rate of bio-organic fertilizer of highland barley in China is unknown. To clarify the effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and adding bio-organic fertilizer on the grain filling characteristics and yield of highland barley after anthesis under different deficit irrigation amounts in Hexi irrigation area. Under the field test environment for two consecutive years, the differences in grain dry weight after anthesis, grain filling rate, fertilizer partial productivity and yield of highland barley were determined by irrigating once (W1) and twice (W2) during the whole growth period under the no fertilizer T1, N, P, K recommended fertilization T2, T3, T4 and T5 (the total amount of N, P, K recommended fertilizer was reduced by 15%, 30%, and 45%, and bio-organic fertilizer was increased by 30%, 60% and 90%, respectively. Grain filling under different fertilization treatments the filling duration of W2 was extended by 3-8 days compared with W1, and the grain dry weight was higher 25 days after anthesis. The maximum and average filling rates of T3 and T4 were large, the filling duration was short, and the filling rate in each period was significantly positively correlated with the thousand-grain weight. Under the recommended fertilization level T2, there is a large improvement in the partial productivity of highland barley. When the amount of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 45% and organic fertilizer was applied, the partial productivity of chemical fertilizer increased significantly. The average yield of each fertilization treatment with W2 increased by 7.48% in (2019) and 7.06% in (2020) compared with W1. Under the same irrigation, the yield of T4 was always significantly increased compared with other fertilization treatments. The results show that on the basis of the current recommended fertilization level (T2), reducing chemical fertilizer by 15% to 30%, and applying bio-organic fertilizer by 30% to 60%, the T3 and T4, can significantly increase the grain filling rate of highland barley, shorten the filling duration, and increase yield. It is also the optimized water and fertilizer management mode for highland barley cultivation regions. This study serves as an important reference for the optimal management of N fertilizer with irrigation regimes and the promotion of sustainable agricultural development of highland barley cultivation.", "affiliation": "Institute of Industrial Crops and Malting Barley, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.", "publicationStatus": "epublish", "language": "eng", "pubModel": "Electronic-eCollection", "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "research-article", "Journal Article" ] }, "meshHeadingList": { "meshHeading": [ { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Hordeum", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "GD", "qualifierName": "growth & development", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Nitrogen" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Soil", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "CH", "qualifierName": "chemistry", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Fertilizers", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "AN", "qualifierName": "analysis", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Agriculture", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "MT", "qualifierName": "methods", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "China" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Agricultural Irrigation", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "MT", "qualifierName": "methods", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Edible Grain", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "GD", "qualifierName": "growth & development", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } } ] }, "chemicalList": { "chemical": [ { "name": "Fertilizers", "registryNumber": "0" }, { "name": "Soil", "registryNumber": "0" }, { "name": "Nitrogen", "registryNumber": "N762921K75" } ] }, "subsetList": { "subset": [ { "code": "IM", "name": "Index Medicus" } ] }, "fullTextUrlList": { "fullTextUrl": [ { "availability": "Subscription required", "availabilityCode": "S", "documentStyle": "doi", "site": "DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332951" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "html", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13166904" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "pdf", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13166904?pdf=render" } ] }, "isOpenAccess": "Y", "inEPMC": "Y", "inPMC": "Y", "hasPDF": "Y", "hasBook": "N", "hasSuppl": "Y", "citedByCount": 0, "hasData": "Y", "hasReferences": "Y", "hasTextMinedTerms": "Y", "hasDbCrossReferences": "N", "hasLabsLinks": "N", "license": "cc by", "hasEvaluations": "N", "authMan": "N", "epmcAuthMan": "N", "nihAuthMan": "N", "hasTMAccessionNumbers": "N", "dateOfCompletion": "2026-07-16", "dateOfCreation": "2026-05-12", "firstIndexDate": "2026-05-14", "fullTextReceivedDate": "2026-05-20", "dateOfRevision": "2026-08-13", "electronicPublicationDate": "2026-05-12", "firstPublicationDate": "2026-05-12" }, { "id": "PMC13300307", "source": "PMC", "pmcid": "PMC13300307", "fullTextIdList": { "fullTextId": [ "PMC13300307" ] }, "title": "From Abiotic Stress to Emerging Environmental Pollutants: Expanding Roles of Melatonin and NO in Plant Defense", "journalInfo": { "issue": "12", "volume": "27", "journalIssueId": 4220262, "dateOfPublication": "2026 Jun", "monthOfPublication": 6, "yearOfPublication": 2026, "printPublicationDate": "2026-06-01", "journal": { "title": "International journal of molecular sciences", "medlineAbbreviation": "Int J Mol Sci", "essn": "1422-0067", "issn": "1422-0067", "isoabbreviation": "Int J Mol Sci", "nlmid": "101092791" } }, "pubYear": "2026", "language": "eng", "pubModel": "Undetermined", "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "review-article", "Review", "Journal Article" ] }, "keywordList": { "keyword": [ "Nitric oxide", "Melatonin", "Surfactant", "Abiotic stress", "Nanoparticles", "Greywater", "Microplastics" ] }, "fullTextUrlList": { "fullTextUrl": [ { "availability": "Free", "availabilityCode": "F", "documentStyle": "html", "site": "PubMedCentral", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13300307/?tool=EBI" }, { "availability": "Free", "availabilityCode": "F", "documentStyle": "pdf", "site": "PubMedCentral", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13300307/pdf/?tool=EBI" }, { "availability": "Free", "availabilityCode": "F", "documentStyle": "html", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13300307" }, { "availability": "Free", "availabilityCode": "F", "documentStyle": "pdf", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13300307?pdf=render" } ] }, "isOpenAccess": "Y", "inEPMC": "Y", "inPMC": "Y", "hasPDF": "Y", "hasBook": "N", "hasSuppl": "N", "citedByCount": 0, "hasData": "N", "hasReferences": "N", "hasTextMinedTerms": "Y", "hasDbCrossReferences": "N", "hasLabsLinks": "N", "license": "cc by", "hasEvaluations": "N", "authMan": "N", "epmcAuthMan": "N", "nihAuthMan": "N", "hasTMAccessionNumbers": "N", "dateOfCreation": "2026-06-26", "firstIndexDate": "2026-06-26", "fullTextReceivedDate": "2026-06-26", "dateOfRevision": "2026-06-26", "electronicPublicationDate": "2026-06-01", "firstPublicationDate": "2026-06-01" }, { "id": "42062889", "source": "MED", "pmid": "42062889", "pmcid": "PMC13277196", "fullTextIdList": { "fullTextId": [ "PMC13277196" ] }, "doi": "10.1186/s12870-026-08822-1", "title": "Effects of variety and irrigation on root morphological, physiological and molecular adaptation mechanism in soybean fields in a semi-arid region of China.", "authorString": "Yan C, Wang W, Sun X, Wang C, Cao Y, Zhang L, Li S, Wang Y, Sun H, Zhao D.", "authorList": { "author": [ { "fullName": "Yan C", "firstName": "Chunjuan", "lastName": "Yan", "initials": "C", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Wang W", "firstName": "Wenbin", "lastName": "Wang", "initials": "W", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Sun X", "firstName": "Xugang", "lastName": "Sun", "initials": "X", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Wang C", "firstName": "Changling", "lastName": "Wang", "initials": "C", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China. bp672155@iCloud.com." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Cao Y", "firstName": "Yongqiang", "lastName": "Cao", "initials": "Y", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China. yqcao1977@163.com." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Zhang L", "firstName": "Lijun", "lastName": "Zhang", "initials": "L", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Li S", "firstName": "Shengyou", "lastName": "Li", "initials": "S", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Wang Y", "firstName": "Yan", "lastName": "Wang", "initials": "Y", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Sun H", "firstName": "Hexiang", "lastName": "Sun", "initials": "H", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China." } ] } }, { "fullName": "Zhao D", "firstName": "Duo", "lastName": "Zhao", "initials": "D", "authorAffiliationDetailsList": { "authorAffiliation": [ { "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China." } ] } } ] }, "dataLinksTagsList": { "dataLinkstag": [ "supporting_data" ] }, "journalInfo": { "issue": "1", "volume": "26", "journalIssueId": 4168154, "dateOfPublication": "2026 Apr", "monthOfPublication": 4, "yearOfPublication": 2026, "printPublicationDate": "2026-04-01", "journal": { "title": "BMC plant biology", "medlineAbbreviation": "BMC Plant Biol", "essn": "1471-2229", "issn": "1471-2229", "isoabbreviation": "BMC Plant Biol", "nlmid": "100967807" } }, "pubYear": "2026", "pageInfo": "1048", "abstractText": "BACKGROUND: Drought severely reduces soybean yield in semi-arid areas, and the drought resistant varieties and irrigation can effectively alleviate the loss of yield caused by drought. However, the impact of irrigation on the morphological, physiological, and molecular adaptation mechanisms of different drought-resistant soybean genotypes remains poorly understood. METHODS: A three-year field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid region to evaluate the effects of two irrigation regimes (non-irrigated and irrigated) and two soybean varieties (LD14 and LD21) on root morphological, physiological, and molecular traits. RESULTS: The results showed that irrigation increased the total root length, root surface area, root volume, and shoot biomass in both varieties. In contrast, irrigation reduced root-shoot ratio (R/SF and R/SD), antioxidant enzyme activities (POD and CAT), and the accumulation of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, proline, and MDA. Meanwhile, CAT activity and soluble protein content of LD14 were higher than those of LD21. More specifically, four CAT1-encoding genes were upregulated in the NLD21 vs. NLD14 and ILD21 vs. ILD14 comparisons, which showed the expression level of the gene encoding CAT1 in LD14 is higher than that in LD21. The mitochondria of LD21 was damaged more severe than that of LD14 on non-irrigated conditions. The vessel diameter of LD14 was larger than that of LD21 under the same irrigation condition; whereas the vessel diameter of the non-irrigated level was larger than that of the irrigated treatment for the same variety. Further research supposed these genes LOC100786184, LOC102669408, LOC100789083 and LOC100802727 may indirectly reduce the diameter of xylem vessels. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs and DAMs in different comparison groups were mainly enriched in fatty acid degradation, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, etc. CONCLUSIONS: LD14 (drought-resistant cultivar) showed a lower root length percentage with diameters of 0–0.1 mm compared with LD21(drought-sensitive cultivar). Generally, the soluble protein content and CAT activity in LD14 were higher than those in LD21, whereas the MDA content in LD14 was lower than that in LD21. The vessel diameter of LD14 was larger than that of LD21. The mitochondria of LD21 was damaged more severe than that of LD14 on non-irrigated conditions. The yield, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, plant height, main stem node number and branch number of LD14 were higher than those of LD21 in the same irrigation treatment. However, 100-seed weight and internode length of LD14 were lower than those of LD21. These findings hold important theoretical and practical significance in improving the drought resistance of soybean.", "affiliation": "Crop Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110161, China.", "publicationStatus": "epublish", "language": "eng", "pubModel": "Electronic", "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "research-article", "Journal Article" ] }, "grantsList": { "grant": [ { "grantId": "(2025XKJS8506)", "agency": "Basic research business expenses of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences", "orderIn": 0 }, { "grantId": "XLYC2403083", "agency": "Construction of Liaoning Innovation Team in the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System, Liaoning Xingliao Talent Plan Project", "orderIn": 0 }, { "grantId": "32301782", "agency": "the National Natural Science Foundation of China", "orderIn": 0 } ] }, "meshHeadingList": { "meshHeading": [ { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Plant Roots", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "AH", "qualifierName": "anatomy & histology", "majorTopic_YN": "N" }, { "abbreviation": "GE", "qualifierName": "genetics", "majorTopic_YN": "N" }, { "abbreviation": "GD", "qualifierName": "growth & development", "majorTopic_YN": "N" }, { "abbreviation": "PH", "qualifierName": "physiology", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Adaptation, Physiological" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Genotype" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "China" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Agricultural Irrigation" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "N", "descriptorName": "Drought Resistance" }, { "majorTopic_YN": "Y", "descriptorName": "Glycine max", "meshQualifierList": { "meshQualifier": [ { "abbreviation": "AH", "qualifierName": "anatomy & histology", "majorTopic_YN": "N" }, { "abbreviation": "GE", "qualifierName": "genetics", "majorTopic_YN": "N" }, { "abbreviation": "GD", "qualifierName": "growth & development", "majorTopic_YN": "N" }, { "abbreviation": "PH", "qualifierName": "physiology", "majorTopic_YN": "N" } ] } } ] }, "keywordList": { "keyword": [ "Soybean", "Root morphology", "Transcriptome And Metabolome", "Root Microstructure And Ultrastructure" ] }, "subsetList": { "subset": [ { "code": "IM", "name": "Index Medicus" } ] }, "fullTextUrlList": { "fullTextUrl": [ { "availability": "Subscription required", "availabilityCode": "S", "documentStyle": "doi", "site": "DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08822-1" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "html", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13277196" }, { "availability": "Open access", "availabilityCode": "OA", "documentStyle": "pdf", "site": "Europe_PMC", "url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13277196?pdf=render" } ] }, "isOpenAccess": "Y", "inEPMC": "Y", "inPMC": "Y", "hasPDF": "Y", "hasBook": "N", "hasSuppl": "N", "citedByCount": 0, "hasData": "Y", "hasReferences": "Y", "hasTextMinedTerms": "Y", "hasDbCrossReferences": "N", "hasLabsLinks": "N", "license": "cc by-nc-nd", "hasEvaluations": "N", "authMan": "N", "epmcAuthMan": "N", "nihAuthMan": "N", "hasTMAccessionNumbers": "Y", "tmAccessionTypeList": { "accessionType": [ "go" ] }, "dateOfCompletion": "2026-06-28", "dateOfCreation": "2026-05-01", "firstIndexDate": "2026-05-02", "fullTextReceivedDate": "2026-06-24", "dateOfRevision": "2026-08-13", "electronicPublicationDate": "2026-04-30", "firstPublicationDate": "2026-04-30" }, { "id": "PPR1099483", "source": "PPR", "doi": "10.1101/2025.10.09.681326", "title": "High doses of fine biochar in sandy subsoils increase water retention, but also cause first-year yield depressions for drought-stressed barley", "authorString": "Bruun EW, Petersen CT, Iturbe-Espinoza P, Winding A, Müller-Stöver D.", "authorList": { "author": [ { "fullName": "Bruun EW", "lastName": "Bruun", "initials": "EW" }, { "fullName": "Petersen CT", "lastName": "Petersen", "initials": "CT" }, { "fullName": "Iturbe-Espinoza P", "lastName": "Iturbe-Espinoza", "initials": "P" }, { "fullName": "Winding A", "lastName": "Winding", "initials": "A" }, { "fullName": "Müller-Stöver D", "lastName": "Müller-Stöver", "initials": "D" } ] }, "pubYear": "2025", "abstractText": "

Context

Coarse sandy subsoils often suffer from low water retention and rooting depth, limiting crop yields, especially under drought conditions.

Aims

To determine whether high doses of fine-grained biochar (150 or 300 Mg/ha) incorporated into sandy subsoil could improve water retention, nutrient uptake, root development and yield of spring barley under drought conditions.

Methods

A two-year mesocosm study (2022-2023) using soil columns containing subsoil layers of ground biochar (<80 µm, at 1%, 2% and 4%) or biochar pellets (2%) compared to unamended controls in two sandy soils.

Key results

Ground biochar increased available water capacity while intact pellets showed no measurable effect. First-year (2022) biochar applications negatively affected plant growth and nitrogen (N) uptake, likely due to N immobilization. Second-year (2023) results showed neutral to positive yield effects following winter irrigation. Biochar addition did not improve phosphorus uptake, despite the creation of wetter subsoils enriched with P. Root density decreased with increasing biochar concentration especially in one soil type, possibly due to increased potassium levels. Rooting depth was unaffected and greater than under field conditions.

Conclusions

Biochar incorporation into sandy subsoils can improve water retention, but may cause temporary N immobilization, affecting first-year crop performance. Overall benefits may emerge in subsequent growing seasons.

Implications

Long-term field trials are needed to assess nutrient management strategies, including additional N-application the first year. Incorporating biochar in autumn may help avoid N immobilization before spring sowing. Field-scale methods for applying fine-grained biochar to sandy subsoil must be developed.

Highlights

Fine-grained biochar can increase the in-situ water retention in coarse sandy subsoils In the first season (2022), biochar reduced barley growth and yield, likely due to initial soil nitrogen immobilization In the second season (2023), after intensive winter irrigation, biochar effects became neutral or positive Root density decreased with biochar use, possibly due to high potassium levels creating unfavourable subsoil conditions", "pubTypeList": { "pubType": [ "Preprint" ] }, "bookOrReportDetails": { "publisher": "bioRxiv", "yearOfPublication": 2025 }, "fullTextUrlList": { "fullTextUrl": [ { "availability": "Free", "availabilityCode": "F", "documentStyle": "doi", "site": "DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.09.681326" } ] }, "isOpenAccess": "N", "inEPMC": "N", "inPMC": "N", "hasPDF": "N", "hasBook": "N", "hasSuppl": "N", "citedByCount": 0, "hasData": "N", "hasReferences": "Y", "hasTextMinedTerms": "Y", "hasDbCrossReferences": "N", "hasLabsLinks": "N", "hasEvaluations": "N", "authMan": "N", "epmcAuthMan": "N", "nihAuthMan": "N", "hasTMAccessionNumbers": "N", "dateOfCreation": "2025-10-12", "firstIndexDate": "2025-10-12", "firstPublicationDate": "2025-10-10" } ] } } }